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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-4-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1009</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогнозирование динамики мягкого когнитивного снижения по иммунологическим показателям</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predicting the Dynamics of Mild Cognitive Impairment According to Immunological Parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-8810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Васильевна Андросова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov V. Androsova, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">androsL@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарёва</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomaryova</surname><given-names>Ye. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Валерьевна Пономарёва, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yelena V. Ponomaryova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Geriatric Psychiatry Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena-pon@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-932X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Никифорович Симонов, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория доказательной медицины и биостатистики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Simonov, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Biostatistics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simonov1951@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-0240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ивановна Гаврилова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отделом, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Gavrilova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Geriatric Psychiatry Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sigavrilova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Клюшник, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией, лаборатория нейроиммунологии, директор, ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director, FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андросова Л.В., Пономарёва Е.В., Симонов А.Н., Гаврилова С.И., Клюшник Т.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андросова Л.В., Пономарёва Е.В., Симонов А.Н., Гаврилова С.И., Клюшник Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Androsova L.V., Ponomaryova Y.V., Simonov A.N., Gavrilova S.I., Klyushnik T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1009">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1009</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: важным звеном патогенеза додементного когнитивного снижения и развития деменции при болезни Альцгеймера является нейровоспаление.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определение прогностического значения воспалительных маркеров (энзиматической активности ЛЭ и α1-протеиназного ингибитора) на этапе мягкого когнитивного снижения.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: обследованы 103 пациента с амнестическим типом мягкого когнитивного снижения (аМКС) в возрасте от 50 до 89 лет (средний возраст 68,1 ± 9,4 года). Состояние пациентов оценивали клиническим методом и психометрическим методом с использованием шкал и тестов. После трех лет катамнестического наблюдения пациенты были разделены на две группы в зависимости от динамики когнитивного статуса: 1-ю группу составили 49 пациентов с прогрессированием когнитивного снижения до степени деменции; во 2-ю группу вошли 54 пациента со стабильным состоянием когнитивных функций. Контрольная группа включала 61 человека соответствующего пациентам возраста и пола. В плазме крови определяли энзиматическую активность лейкоцитарной эластазы (ЛЭ) и функциональную активность α1-протеиназного ингибитора (α1-ПИ). Для выделения иммунотипов использовали кластерный анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: функциональная активность α1-ПИ в начальной точке исследования у пациентов обеих катамнестических групп превышала контрольные значения (р = 0,000001, р = 0,000006 соответственно). Катамнестические группы различались по активности ЛЭ на начальном этапе. У пациентов 1-й группы — с нарастанием когнитивного снижения — активность ЛЭ не отличалась от контрольных значений (р = 0,144651). 2-я группа пациентов — со стабильными когнитивными функциями — характеризовалась значимо более высокой активностью ЛЭ по сравнению с контролем (р = 0,000000). Кластерный анализ позволил выделить два иммунотипа, отличающихся по активности ЛЭ. В 1-м кластере активность ЛЭ находилась в пределах контрольного диапазона и ниже, в него вошли преимущественно пациенты 1-й катамнестической группы (68,3%). Во 2-м кластере активность ЛЭ превышала контрольные показатели, этот кластер составили преимущественно пациенты 2-й катамнестической группы (85,0%) (χ2 = 27,82, р = 0,0000).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: выявленные достоверные различия в распределении катамнестических групп по иммунологическим кластерам свидетельствуют о возможности использования показателей активности ЛЭ и α1-ПИ для диагностики и прогнозирования динамики мягкого когнитивного снижения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: neuroin flammation is an important link in the pathogenesis of pre-dementia cognitive impairment and the development of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease.</p><p>The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of inflaammatory markers (enzymatic activity of LE and its inhibitor alpha1-PI) at the stage of mild cognitive impairment for subsequent follow-up evaluation.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: a total of 103 patients with an amnesic type of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) aged 50 to 89 years (mean age 68.1 ± 9.4 years) were examined. Mental status of the patients was assessed clinically and by psychometric scales and tests. After 3 years of observation, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the dynamics of cognitive status: the 1st group consisted of 49 patients with progression of cognitive decline to the degree of dementia; the 2nd group included 54 patients with a stable state of cognitive functions. The control group included 61 subjects of the same age and gender. The enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined in blood plasma. Cluster analysis was used to isolate immunotypes.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the functional activity of α1-PI at the starting point of the study in patients of both follow-up groups exceeded the control values (p = 0.000001, p = 0.000006, respectively). Follow-up groups differed in LE activity at the initial stage. In patients of the 1st group (with an increase in cognitive impairment) LE activity did not differ from the control values (p = 0.144651). Group 2 (with stable cognitive functions) was characterized by a significantly higher LE activity compared to the controls (p = 0.000000). Cluster analysis made it possible to identify two immunotypes that differed in LE activity. In the 1st cluster, LE activity was within the control range and below, it mainly included patients of the 1st follow-up group (68.3%). In the 2nd cluster LE activity exceeded the control values, this cluster mainly consisted of patients of the 2nd follow-up group (85.0%) (χ2 = 27.82, p = 0.0000).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the revealed reliable differences in the distribution of follow-up groups for immunological clusters indicate the possibility of using indicators of LE and α1-PI activity for diagnosing and predicting the dynamics of mild cognitive decline.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром мягкого когнитивного снижения</kwd><kwd>маркеры воспаления</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарная эластаза</kwd><kwd>α1-протеиназный ингибитор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mild cognitive impairment syndrome</kwd><kwd>inflammation markers</kwd><kwd>leukocyte elastase</kwd><kwd>α1-proteinase inhibitor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. 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