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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-4-57-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1016</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство: эволюция взглядов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evolution of Views</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-1936</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Крюков, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, начальник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Kryukov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. of Sci (Med.), Professor</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniy.md@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-6465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамрей</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamrey</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Казимирович Шамрей, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой, кафедра психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav K. Shamrey, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department, Department of Psychiatry</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.shamrey@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-5946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Александрович Марченко, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Marchenko, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Psychiatry</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrew.marchenko1995@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-107X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобачев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobachev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Васильевич Лобачев, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Lobachev, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor.lobachev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-0855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хабаров</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khabarov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Юрьевич Хабаров, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Khabarov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.khabaroff@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-8534</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колодин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolodin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Колодин, преподаватель, кафедра психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei N. Kolodin, Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.n.kolodin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBMEI HE “S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крюков Е.В., Шамрей В.К., Марченко А.А., Лобачев А.В., Хабаров И.Ю., Колодин С.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крюков Е.В., Шамрей В.К., Марченко А.А., Лобачев А.В., Хабаров И.Ю., Колодин С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kryukov E.V., Shamrey V.K., Marchenko A.A., Lobachev A.V., Khabarov I.Y., Kolodin S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1016">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1016</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: среди психолого-психиатрических последствий ситуаций, связанных с угрозой для жизни, ведущее значение неизменно имеет проблема посттравматического стрессового расстройства (ПТСР). В то же время диагностические и лечебно-профилактические подходы к ее решению в течение последних десятилетий претерпели значительные изменения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: на основании анализа научных трудов по проблемам ПТСР с использованием ресурсов поисковых систем выделить и проследить эволюцию взглядов на клиническую картину, патогенетические подходы к терапии этого расстройства и сформулировать перспективные направления дальнейших исследований в этой области знаний.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: с использованием ресурсов поисковых систем, в том числе PubMed и eLIBRARY, по ключевым словам «посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство», «ПТСР» проведен обзор более 60 научных трудов, содержащих научно обоснованные сведения, посвященные диагностическим и лечебно-профилактическим аспектам ПТСР.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в настоящее время констатируется относительно слабый прогресс в области клинической диагностики, заметно отстающий от результатов исследований в области нейрофизиологии ПТСР, прежде всего молекулярной биологии оперантного обусловливания и угасания реакций страха, вследствие чего это заболевание все еще представляет собой диагностическую головоломку.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: целесообразным является поиск более четких, не пересекающихся с другими таксономическими единицами клинических симптомов и признаков, обладающих «ПТСР-патогномоничностью». Феноменологические и сетевые подходы позволяют нивелировать ограничения политетической категоризации, тогда как при генетических исследованиях, напротив, более перспективным выглядит отказ от методологии «случай/контроль» и переход на «привязку» детектируемых полиморфизмов к транснозологическим характеристикам. Необходима разработка эффективных методов профилактики стресс-ассоциированных расстройств у военнослужащих в целом, в том числе программ повышения стрессоустойчивости, а также отечественных мультимодальных программно-аппаратных комплексов для оптимизации лечения и профилактики ПТСР.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: among the psychological and psychiatric consequences of life-threatening situations, the problem of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is invariably of leading importance. At the same time, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to solving this problem have undergone significant changes over the past decades.</p><p>The aim of review is the analysis of scientific materials on the problems of PTSD with the use search systems, to highlight the evolution of views on the clinic, pathogenesis, approaches to the treatment of this disorder and to formulate promising directions for further research in this area.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: a review of more than 60 scientific papers containing scientifically based information on the diagnostic and therapeutic and preventive aspects of PTSD was conducted using the resources of search engines, including PubMed and eLibrary, for the keywords “post-traumatic stress disorder”, “PTSD”. Results: at present, relatively weak progress in the field of clinical diagnostics is being noted, noticeably lagging behind the results of research in the field of neurophysiology of PTSD, primarily the molecular biology of operant conditioning and extinction of fear reactions, as a result of which this disease is still a diagnostic puzzle.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: it is expedient to search for clearer, non-overlapping with other taxonomic units, clinical symptoms and signs with “PTSD pathognomonicity” on the basis of phenomenological and network approaches that allow to eliminate the limitations of polythetical categorization, whereas in genetic studies, on the contrary, the rejection of the methodology looks more promising “case/control” and the transition to the “binding” of the detected polymorphisms to the transnosological characteristics. It is necessary to develop effective methods for the prevention of stress-associated disorders in military personnel, in general, including programs to increase stress resistance, as well as domestic multimodal software and hardware complexes to optimize the treatment and prevention of PTSD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство</kwd><kwd>ПТСР</kwd><kwd>эволюция взглядов</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>post-traumatic stress disorder</kwd><kwd>PTSD</kwd><kwd>evolution of views</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Kolk B. The Body Keeps the Score. 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