psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-5-17-24psychiatry-1039Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «НЕЙРОВОСПАЛЕНИЕ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ МОЗГА: ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ» МОСКВА 31.01.2023Нейровоспалительный компонент системного воспалительного процесса в развитии нейродегенеративных состоянийNeuroinflammatory Part of the Systemic Inflammatory Process in the Development of Neurodegenerative Conditionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-5698ГенераловВ. О.GeneralovV. O.

Василий Олегович Генералов, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, врач-невролог, эпилептолог, руководитель клиники

Москва

Vasily O. Generalov, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Neurologist, Epileptologist, Chief Medical Officer

Moscow

planetamed@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-7537ОбодзинскаяТ. Е.ObodzinskayaT. E.

Татьяна Евгеньевна Ободзинская, врач-психиатр, психотерапевт, заведующий отделением митохондриальной медицины

Москва

Tatyana E. Obodzinskaya, Psychiatrist, Psychotherapist, Head of Department of Mitochondrial Medicine

Moscow

dr.obodzinskaya@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-7106СадыковТ. Р.SadykovT. R.

Тимур Русланович Садыков, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-невролог, заведующий стационарым отделением

Москва

Timur R. Sadykov, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Neurologist, Epileptologist, Head of Inpatient Unit

Moscow

veeg.russia@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-7190-7413ЮгайА. М.YugayA. M.

Антон Меликсович Югай, врач-невролог

Москва

Anton M. Yugay, Neurologist

Moscow

tonyacedoc@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4238-5634АлександренковаА. Н.AleksandrenkovaA. A.

Ангелина Николаевна Александренкова, врач-биохимик

Москва

Angelina A. Aleksandrenkova, Clinical Biochemist

Moscow

videoeeg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-8893-6402ЛарионовГ. В.LarionovG. V.

Геннадий Владимирович Ларионов, врач-биохимик

Москва

Gennady V. Larionov, Clinical Biochemist

Moscow

videoeeg@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-7778-1079НикулинаЛ. В.NiculinaL. V.

Любовь Владимировна Никулина, врач-биохимик

Москва

Lyubov V. Niculina, Clinical Biochemist

Moscow

videoeeg@mail.ruКлиника «Планета Мед»РоссияMedical Center “Planeta Med”Russian Federation2023231020232151724Copyright © Генералов В.О., Ободзинская Т.Е., Садыков Т.Р., Югай А.М., Александренкова А.Н., Ларионов Г.В., Никулина Л.В., 20232023Генералов В.О., Ободзинская Т.Е., Садыков Т.Р., Югай А.М., Александренкова А.Н., Ларионов Г.В., Никулина Л.В.Generalov V.O., Obodzinskaya T.E., Sadykov T.R., Yugay A.M., Aleksandrenkova A.A., Larionov G.V., Niculina L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1039

Обоснование: нейродегенеративные процессы являются прогностически неблагоприятными состояниями и активно изучаются как неврологами, так и психиатрами. Механизмы нейродегенерации лежат в основе различных заболеваний: аутизма, рассеянного склероза, болезни Паркинсона, болезни Альцгеймера и других форм деменции, эпилепсий младенческого и детского возраста, генерализованных гиперкинезов, синдрома Туретта и множества других состояний, ассоциированных с прогрессирующим неврологическим дефицитом, утратой когнитивных функций, появлением неспецифических симптомов нарушения функций головного мозга (эпилептических приступов, гиперкинезов, дистонических состояний, психотических эпизодов и других симптомов). Несмотря на множество проводимых исследований, лечение перечисленных заболеваний ограничивается временным, неполным и фармакологически зависимым купированием симптомов, поскольку проблема их этиопатогенеза остается открытой. Последние достижения нейроиммунологии показывают значимую роль нейровоспаления в инициации и поддержании нейродегенеративных процессов. Цель обзора — представить современные иммунологические концепции патогенеза нейродегенеративных заболеваний. Часть из них имеет аутоиммунный компонент, отражением чего становится введение в клиническую практику исследований показателей напряженности иммунитета и титров антител к тканям головного мозга.Материал и метод: по ключевым словам «нейровоспаление, нейродегенерация, рассеянный склероз, болезнь Паркинсона, эпилепсия, паразитоз, микробиота» в международных и отечественных базах научных публикаций отобраны и проанализированы релевантные статьи последнего десятилетия. Заключение: в каскаде научных работ особое внимание отдавалось изучению инфекционных агентов, выявляемых в иммунологическом скрининге пациентов с нейродегенерацией, однако эти данные носят разрозненный и противоречивый характер, поэтому игнорируются медицинским сообществом. В обзоре представлен современный взгляд на этиопатогенез нейродегенеративных заболеваний с точки зрения суммационной антигенной нагрузки, оценки иммунологического потенциала, гомеостатического ресурса и компенсаторных возможностей организма, что может стать отправной точкой для разработки новых терапевтических стратегий для этих труднокурабельных заболеваний.

Background: neurodegenerative processes are prognostically dramatic conditions. They are actively studied by both neurologists and psychiatrists. Nosological forms are diverse and include regressive autism, dementia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, progressive epilepsy of infancy and childhood, generalized hyperkinesis, Tourette’s syndrome and many other conditions that are common to progressive neurological deficit, loss of cognitive functions, the appearance of nonspecific symptoms of brain irritation (epileptic seizures, hyperkinesis, dystonic states, stereotypes, psychotic episodes and other symptoms). Despite many ongoing studies the treatment of the described conditions is limited to temporary, incomplete and pharmacologically dependent relief of symptoms, since the problem of the etiopathogenesis of these conditions remains open. The aim of review is to present current immunological concepts of pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Material and method: using keywords “neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, parasitosis, microbiota” selected relevant scientific publications in domestic and international databases. Conclusion: recent advances in neuroimmunology show a significant role of neuroinflammation in the triggering and development of neurodegenerative processes, some of which are autoimmune in nature, which is confirmed by the indicators of immunity intensity introduced into clinical practice and by the detected antibody titers to brain tissues. In recent decades in a series of scientific works attention has been paid to the study of infectious agents detected in the immunological screening of patients with neurodegeneration, however, these data are fragmented and contradictory, and therefore are ignored by the medical community. This review presents a modern view of the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases from the point of view of the summative antigenic burden, assessment of the immunological potential, homeostatic resource, and compensatory capabilities of the human body, which as a result can become a starting point for proposing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these intractable diseases. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.