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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-5-40-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1043</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «НЕЙРОВОСПАЛЕНИЕ ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ МОЗГА: ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ И ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ» МОСКВА 31.01.2023</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенетика шизофрении в свете современных геномных исследований</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenetics of Schizophrenia in the Light of Modern Genome-Wide Association Studies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голимбет</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golimbet</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Евгеньевна Голимбет, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией, лаборатория клинической генетики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera E. Golimbet, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of Laboratory, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golimbet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Голимбет В.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Голимбет В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golimbet V.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1043">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1043</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: иммунологические и генетические исследования шизофрении формируют два направления биологической психиатрии, в которых за последние годы достигнут значительный прогресс, связанный с пониманием роли в развитии этого заболевания как нейровоспаления, так и генетической уязвимости. Однако данных, позволяющих объяснить соучастие этих двух факторов в этиологии и патогенезе шизофрении, пока недостаточно.Цель обзора — проанализировать современные научные исследования о взаимодействии генетической предрасположенности и механизмов нейровоспаления в патогенезе шизофрении. Материалы и метод: по ключевым словам «полногеномный анализ ассоциаций», «менделевская рандомизация», «регуляторные участки», «активация материнского иммунитета», «синаптический прунинг», «микроглия» в международных и отечественных базах данных отобраны публикации о патогенетических механизмах шизофрении, генах, связанных с иммунной системой, а также о моделях, предусматривающих взаимодействие иммунологических и генетических факторов, в том числе с учетом неблагоприятных средовых воздействий. Заключение: исследования последних лет выявили геномные участки, в которых расположены гены, участвующие в функционировании иммунной системы. Особое внимание уделено участку, включающему в себя гены главного комплекса гистосовместимости (major histocompatibility complex, MHC), а одним из важнейших достижений при его исследовании стало установление роли гена комплемента (компонент С4А) в формировании синапсов и их аномальной элиминации. Интерес представляют и другие гены как внутри, так и вне участка MHC, функции которых в головном мозге и их участие в патогенезе шизофрении еще предстоит выявить. Установление причинно-следственных связей между полногеномными данными для шизофрении и иммунологическими индикаторами воспаления с помощью метода менделевской рандомизации (МР) указывает на то, что повышение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов у больных шизофренией представляет собой неотъемлемый признак болезни, а не является следствием течения патологического процесса. Внешние воздействия играют важную роль во взаимодействии ассоциированных с шизофренией генетических вариантов и активации микроглии, что ведет к синаптическим нарушениям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Immunological and genetic studies of schizophrenia form two areas of biological psychiatry in which significant progress has been made in recent years related to understanding the role of both neuroinflammation and genetic vulnerability in the development of this disease. However, data to explain the complicity of these two factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia are still insufficient. The aim of the review is to assess the degree of interaction between genetic predisposition and neuroinflammation in the pathogenetic mechanisms of schizophrenia based on the currently available information on genes associated with the immune system according to genome-wide association analysis (GWAS), as well as models that involve the interaction of immunological and genetic factors, including taking into account environmental adversities. Material and method: using keywords “genome-wide association study, Mendelian randomization, regulatory regions, maternal immunity activation, synaptic pruning, microglia” both in international and domestic databases the scientific publications selected. Conclusions: recent studies have identified genomic regions that contain genes involved in the functioning of the immune system. Particular attention is paid to the MHC region, and one of the most important achievements in its study is the establishment of the role of the complement gene (component C4A) in the formation of synapses and their abnormal elimination. Other genes, both inside and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, are of interest, and their functions in the brain and their involvement in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia have yet to be elucidated. The establishment of causal relationships between GWAS data for schizophrenia and immunological indicators of inflammation using the Mendelian randomization (MR method) indicates that the increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia is an intrinsic symptom of the disease, and is not a consequence of the course of the pathological process. Adverse environmental factors play an important role in the interaction of genetic variants associated with schizophrenia and microglial activation, which leads to synaptic disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полногеномный анализ ассоциаций</kwd><kwd>менделевская рандомизация</kwd><kwd>регуляторные участки</kwd><kwd>активация материнского иммунитета</kwd><kwd>синаптический прунинг</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genome-wide association study</kwd><kwd>Mendelian randomization</kwd><kwd>regulatory regions</kwd><kwd>maternal immunity activation</kwd><kwd>synaptic pruning</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клюшник ТП, Смулевич АБ, Зозуля СА, Воронова ЕИ. Нейробиология шизофрениии и клинико-психопатологические корреляты (к построению клинико-биологической модели). 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