psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-31-45psychiatry-1082Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSРоль социальных факторов в генезе психических расстройств: развитие исследований в XXI в.The Role of Social Factors in the Genesis of Mental Disorders: Development of Research in the 21st Centuryhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5234-5877КузьминоваМ. В.KuzminovaM. V.

Марианна Владимировна Кузьминова, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел организации психиатрических служб

Москва

Marianna V. Kuzminova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Department of Psychiatric Services Organization

Moscow

kuzminova-m-v@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-2476СолохинаТ. А.SolokhinaT. A.

Татьяна Александровна Солохина, доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующийотделом, отдел организации психиатрических служб

Москва

Tatyana A. Solokhina, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Head of Department, Department of Psychiatric Services Organization

Moscow

tsolokhina@live.ruФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»РоссияFSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”Russian Federation2023310120242173145Copyright © Кузьминова М.В., Солохина Т.А., 20242024Кузьминова М.В., Солохина Т.А.Kuzminova M.V., Solokhina T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1082

Обоснование:  роль социальных факторов в развитии психической патологии давно известна. Однако в связи с неуклонным ростом частоты психических нарушений, в том числе в период различных глобальных социальных кризисов, представляется необходимым обобщить уже имеющиеся знания в этой области, а также рассмотреть новые тенденции влияния социальных факторов на возникновение, течение и прогноз психических расстройств.  Цель обзора:  представить   анализ отечественных и зарубежных исследований различных социальных аспектов психических расстройств с целью рационального решения клинико-диагностических, терапевтических, реабилитационных и организационных проблем. Материал и методы:  по ключевым словам «социальные факторы и психические расстройства», «факторы риска развития ментальных расстройств», «семейные факторы при тяжелых психических заболеваниях», «влияние катастроф (антропогенных и природных) на психическое здоровье», «сетевая теория психических расстройств» отобраны доступные авторам публикации в базах MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary, РИНЦ, GoogleScholar, а также релевантные статьи в списках источников анализируемых работ. Заключение: во многих исследованиях анализируется роль детских и подростковых психических травм в этиопатогенезе психических заболеваний во взрослом возрасте. Большое внимание уделяется семейным факторам, которые в зависимости от стратегии поведения близких пациента, их реакции на его заболевание могут оказывать как благоприятное, так и весьма негативное влияние на течение психического расстройства. Предполагается, что ухудшение социально-экологической среды (в том числе урбанизация, воздействие стрессоров на предприятиях) вносит свой вклад в рост психических расстройств, прежде всего депрессивных и тревожных. Гендерные различия влияния социальных факторов объясняют культуральными особенностями, а также семейным положением, в частности более низкой самооценкой одиноких женщин. Увеличение случаев социальных катастроф (как природных, так и техногенных) отражается в распространенности посттравматических стрессовых расстройств. Отмечается, что биопсихосоциальная модель, несмотря на ее декларирование, недостаточно активно используется в практике, что может снижать эффективность комплексной терапии психических нарушений. Впервые предложенная в 2008 г. сетевая теория психических заболеваний в настоящее время является актуальным направлением исследований.

Background: the important role of social factors in the development of mental disorders has long been known, but recently, due to the growth of mental disorders, including against the background of various global social crises, it seems necessary to summarize already existing knowledge in this field, as well as to consider new trends in the influence of social factors on the occurrence, course and prognosis of mental disorders.  The aim of review  was to analyse domestic and foreign studies on the influence of various social aspects of mental disorders in order to rationally solve clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and organizational problems. Material and methods:  the authors used the key words “social factors and mental disorders”, “risk factors for mental disorders”, “family factors in severe mental disorders”, “impact of disasters (man-made and natural) on mental health”, “network theory of mental disorders”. The authors selected available publications in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, eLibrary,  RSCI, Google Scholar, as well as relevant articles in the source lists of the reviewed papers.  Conclusion: the role of childhood and adolescent mental trauma in the etiopathogenesis of mental illness in adulthood is an object of many studies. The increase of social disasters cases (both natural and man-made) is reflected in the detection of PTSD. Family factors are considered of enormous importance and could have both favourable and negative effects. The gender-specific influence of social factors is more attributable to cultural differences, as well as to marital status, including the lower self-esteem of single women. Biopsychosocial model despite its widespread proclamation is underused in practice, which reduces the effectiveness of comprehensive therapy. First proposed in 2008, the network theory of mental disorders is rapidly evolving and is now a full-fledged  field of psychiatric research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.