psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-7-65-75psychiatry-1084Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSПослеоперационные психозы у пациентов с глиомами головного мозгаPostoperative Psychoses in Patients with Brain Gliomashttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0767-879XЗайцевО. С.ZaitsevO. S.

Олег Семенович Зайцев, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель группы, группа психиатрических исследований

Москва

Oleg S. Zaitsev, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Chief of Psychiatric Research Group

Moscow

Ozaitsev@nsi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2748-8766ИльяевН. П.IlyaevN. P.

Натан Петрович Ильяев, младший научный сотрудник, врач-психиатр, группа психиатрических исследований

Москва

Natan P. Ilyaev, Junior Researcher, Psychiatric Research Group

Moscow

nilyaev@nsi.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4781-2765МаксаковаО. А.MaksakovaO. A.

Ольга Арсеньевна Максакова, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, психотерапевт, группа психиатрических исследований

Москва

Olga A. Maksakova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Psychiatric Research Group

Moscow

omaksakova46@mail.ruФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр нейрохирургии имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Autonomous Institution “N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2023310120242176575Copyright © Зайцев О.С., Ильяев Н.П., Максакова О.А., 20242024Зайцев О.С., Ильяев Н.П., Максакова О.А.Zaitsev O.S., Ilyaev N.P., Maksakova O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1084

Обоснование:  несмотря на распространенное мнение, что психозы нередко развиваются после операции у нейрохирургических пациентов, эти расстройства до настоящего времени остаются практически не изученными. Цель:  на основании анализа научной литературы получить представление о состоянии и перспективах исследования проблемы психозов, возникающих после операций по поводу глиом головного мозга.  Материалы и методы:  работа представляет собой обзор предметного поля;  поиск публикаций по ключевым словам «послеоперационный психоз», «послеоперационный делирий», «глиомы головного мозга», «нейрохирургия», «краниотомия» проведен в базах Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, РИНЦ и других источниках за последние 20 лет.  Заключение:  терминологические разночтения и недостатки различных видов верификации психотических расстройств препятствуют сопоставлению результатов исследования послеоперационных психозов у пациентов с глиомами головного мозга в нейрохирургии и общехирургической практике. Следствием этого становятся расхождения в результатах эпидемиологических исследований — вероятность появления послеперационного психоза у пациентов с глиомами головного мозга варьируется от 4 до 29%. Попытки определения факторов риска, необходимых и достаточных для прогноза возникновения психоза, также не приводят к информативным результатам. По данным научных публикаций, около 80 показателей претендуют на эту роль (пол, возраст, преморбидные заболевания, предоперационное психическое состояние, злокачественность опухоли, варианты нейрохирургических вмешательств и т.д.). Этот перечень не содержит концептуально важные особенности, такие как профиль индивидуальной асимметрии мозга, латерализация опухоли и др., что приводит к противоречиям в подходах к лечению и профилактике постоперационных психотических расстройств. Прежде чем оценивать эффективность основных лекарственных средств (дексмедетомидин, ГАМКергические, антипсихотические препараты и др.) и нелекарственных воздействий, необходимо ясное понимание феномена со всеми вариантами клинических проявлений заболевания и их индивидуальными особенностями.

Background: despite the widespread opinion that psychoses are common after surgery in neurosurgical patients, they remain practically unexplored to date.  Objective: based on the analysis of scientific literature to get an idea of the state and prospects of studying the problem of psychoses arising after operations for brain gliomas.  Materials and methods: the work is a scoping review; the main method used was the search for publications by the keywords “postoperative psychosis”, “postoperative delirium ”, “brain gliomas”, “neurosurgery”, “craniotomy” conducted in the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, RISC and other sources over the past 20 years.  Conclusion: studies of postoperative psychoses in patients with brain gliomas and comparison of results in neurosurgery and general surgical practice are hindered by terminological dissonance and shortcomings of various types of verification of postoperative psychotic disorders. This manifests itself both at the epidemiological data (the probability of occurrence ranges from 4 to 29%), and in determining the risk factors necessary and sufficient to predict the onset of psychosis: according to literature data. About 80 indicators claim this role (gender, age, premorbid diseases, preoperative mental state,  tumor malignancy, options for neurosurgical interventions, etc.) while the list does not contain conceptually important features, such as the profile of individual brain asymmetr y, tumor lateralization, etc. These problems lead to controversy in approaches to treatment and prevention of postoperative psychotic disorders. Before evaluating the effectiveness of the main drugs (dexmedetomidine, GABA-ergics, antipsychotics, etc.) and non-drugs influences, one must understand the phenomenon clearly with all the individual characteristics and variants of disease manifestations.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.