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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1094</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика и оценка тяжести болезни Альцгеймера: алгоритмы машинного обучения на основе маркеров воспаления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostics and Assessment of the Severity of Alzheimer’s Disease: Machine Learning Algorithms Based on Markers of Inflammation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-8810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Васильевна Андросова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатории нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov V. Androsova, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">androsL@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-932X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Никифорович Симонов, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория доказательной медицины и биостатистики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly N. Simonov, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine andBiostatistics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simonov1951@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-3503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенько</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Senko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Валентинович Сенько, доктор физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Senko, Dr. of Sci. (Physics and Math.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">senkoov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Михайловна Михайлова, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya M. Mikhaylova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MikhaylovaNM@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-7013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Кузнецова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лабораторияматематической биофизики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Kuznetsova, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Mathematical Biophysics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azforus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Клюшник, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория нейроиммунологии, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center «Informatics and Management», Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics (IBCP) Organization, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андросова Л.В., Симонов А.Н., Сенько О.В., Михайлова Н.М., Кузнецова А.В., Клюшник Т.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андросова Л.В., Симонов А.Н., Сенько О.В., Михайлова Н.М., Кузнецова А.В., Клюшник Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Androsova L.V., Simonov A.N., Senko O.V., Mikhaylova N.M., Kuznetsova A.V., Klyushnik T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1094">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1094</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: болезнь Альцгеймера (БА) как наиболее распространенная форма деменции характеризуется ухудшением познавательных функций и обычно начинается с потери памяти о недавних событиях. Важен поиск биологических методов, чувствительных и доступных, которые можно было бы использовать для ранней диагностики БА и определения тяжести заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: разработка алгоритмов машинного обучения (МО) на основе таких воспалительных маркеров, как энзиматическая активность лейкоцитарной эластазы (ЛЭ) и функциональная активность α1-протеиназного ингибитора (α1-ПИ) для диагностики и оценки тяжести БА.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: в исследование включены 128 человек в возрасте от 55 до 94 лет (73,7 ± 7,9 года), из которых 91 пациент с диагнозом болезни Альцгеймера и 37 условно здоровых людей (контроль). В качестве классифицирующих признаков для построения моделей рассматривали показатели ЛЭ и α1-ПИ в плазме крови. Для построения модели машинного обучения применяли следующие алгоритмы: метод оптимально достоверных разбиений (Optimal Valid Partition, OVP), логистическая регрессия (LR), метод опорных векторов (SVM), случайный лес (RF), градиент бустинга (GB) и метод статистически взвешенных синдромов (МСВС). Был использован программный пакет Data Master Azforus. Прогностическую эффективность построенных классификаторов оценивали по общей точности (аccuracy), чувствительности (sensitivity), специфичности (specicity), F-мере и ROC-анализу.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: созданные алгоритмы машинного обучения позволили надежно разделить общую группу исследуемых (пациенты + условно здоровые), а также пациентов с различной тяжестью БА на 4 квадранта двумерной диаграммы в координатах ЛЭ и α1-ПИ и показали близкую и достаточно высокую прогностическую эффективность.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: разработанные алгоритмы машинного обучения оказались высокоэффективными в оценке тяжести БА на основе воспалительных маркеров (энзиматической активности ЛЭ и функциональной активности α1-ПИ) и могут быть полезными для ранней диагностики заболевания и своевременного назначения терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: as the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive deterioration and usually begins with loss of memory of recent events. It is important to search for biological, sensitive and affordable methods that could be used for early diagnostics of AD and determine the severity of the disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to develop machine learning algorithms based on such inflammatory markers as the enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of the α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) for diagnosing and assessing the severity of AD.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: the study included128 people aged 55 to 94 years (73.7 ± 7.9 years), of which 91 patients were diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and 37 apparently healthy people (control). The indicators of LE and α1-PI in blood plasma were used as classifying features for building models. The following algorithms were used to build a machine learning model: Optimal Valid Partition (OVP), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB) and statistically weighted syndromes (WSWS). The predictive performance of the constructed classiers was evaluated by the overall accuracy (accuracy), sensitivity (sensitivity), specificity (specificity), F-measure and ROC-analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the developed machine learning algorithms made it possible to reliably divide the general group of subjects (patients + conditionally healthy), as well as patients with different AD severity, into 4 quadrants of a two-dimensional diagram in the LE and α1-PI coordinates and showed close and fairly high predictive efficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the developed machine learning algorithms have proven close and sufficiently high prognostic efficacy for assessing the severity of AD based on inflammatory markers (enzymatic activity of LE and functional activity of α1-PI) and, probably, can be useful for early diagnostics of the disease and timely administration of therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>метод оптимальных достоверных разбиений</kwd><kwd>алгоритмы бинарной классификации</kwd><kwd>активность лейкоцитарной эластазы</kwd><kwd>α1-протеиназный ингибитор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>optimal reliable partitioning</kwd><kwd>binary classification algorithms</kwd><kwd>leukocyte elastase activity</kwd><kwd>α1-proteinase inhibitor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang XX, Tian Y, Wang ZT, Ma YH, Tan L, Yu JT. 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