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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-1-68-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МикроРНК как потенциальные биомаркеры психических расстройств: диагностическое и прогностическое значение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Mental Disorders: Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-7859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терещенко</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshchenko</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Юрьевич Терещенко, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий клиническим отделениемсоматического и психического здоровья детей</p><p>Красноярск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Yu. Tereshchenko, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Clinical Department of Somatic and MentalHealth of Children</p><p>Krasnoyarsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">legise@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФИЦ «Красноярский научный центр Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук», НИИ медицинских проблем Севера, Министерство&#13;
науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Терещенко С.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Терещенко С.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tereshchenko S.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1100">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1100</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: микроРНК – малые некодирующие молекулы РНК, играющие важнейшую роль в посттранскрипционной регуляции экспрессии генов. Исследования указывают на участие микроРНК в патогенезе различных психических расстройств, что позволяет рассматривать их в качестве возможных диагностических биомаркеров и терапевтических мишеней.</p><p>Цель обзора литературы – провести анализ современных исследований, посвященных участию микроРНК в формировании психических расстройств с акцентом на их потенциал в качестве диагностических и прогностических биомаркеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: для поиска релевантных публикаций был проведен поиск в базах еLibrary и PubMed с использованием следующих ключевых слов и терминов: «микроРНК», «психические расстройства», «психологический статус», «биомаркеры», «диагностика», «прогнозирование».</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: многочисленные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что микроРНК участвуют в регуляции важнейших молекулярных путей, связанных с психическими расстройствами, включая нейротрансмиссию, нейроразвитие и синаптическую пластичность. Дерегуляция определенных микроРНК наблюдается при различных психических заболеваниях, таких как большое депрессивное расстройство, шизофрения, биполярное расстройство, тревожные расстройства, расстройства аутистического спектра, синдром дефицита внимания/гиперактивности и аддиктивные расстройства. Показано, что микроРНК обладают высоким потенциалом для использования в качестве диагностических биомаркеров, что открывает возможности раннего выявления и персонализированных стратегий лечения. Однако остается ряд проблем, включая различия в уровне и профиле экспрессии микроРНК, обусловленных гетерогенностью психических расстройств, необходимость стандартизации протоколов анализа микроРНК и их дальнейшей валидации в ходе масштабных исследований на различных группах пациентов. Таким образом, изучение микроРНК при психических расстройствах представляет собой перспективное направление для углубления понимания молекулярных основ этих заболеваний.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recent studies indicate the involvement of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders, which allows to consider them as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p><p>The aim of this literature review is to analyse curren research on the involvement of microRNAs in the formation of psychiatric disorders, focusing on their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Materials and methods: to find relevant publications, we searched eLibrary and PubMed databases using the following keywords and terms: microRNAs, mental disorders, psychological status, biomarkers, diagnosis, prognosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are involved in the regulation of critical molecular pathways associated with psychiatric disorders, including neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of certain microRNAs has been observed in various psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and addictive disorders. It is highlighted that the investigated microRNAs have a high potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers, opening up possibilities for early detection and personalised treatment strategies. The identification of specific microRNAs associated with different psychiatric disorders offers new opportunities to develop innovative diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic interventions. However, a number of challenges remain, including differences in microRNA expression levels and profiles due to the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders, the need for standardisation of microRNA analysis protocols and their further validation in large-scale studies on different patient populations. Collaborative efforts between basic genetics researchers and clinicians are needed to harness the full potential of microRNA analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпигенетическая регуляция</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>психические расстройства</kwd><kwd>психологический статус</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epigenetic regulation</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>mental disorders</kwd><kwd>psychological status</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аушев ВН. МикроРНК: малые молекулы с большим значением. 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