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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-14-23</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1167</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительные характеристики маркеров воспаления при болезни Альцгеймера у мужчин и женщин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Characteristics of Inflammatory Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease in Males and Females</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-8810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Васильевна Андросова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov V. Androsova, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">androsL@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0184-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhaylova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Михайловна Михайлова, доктор медицинских наук, главный специалист</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya M. Mikhaylova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Chief Specialist</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MikhaylovaNM@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-6007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Зозуля, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Zozulya, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.ermakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-1717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Григорьевна Алексеева, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, группа по изучению особых форм психической патологии отдела юношеской психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Alekseeva, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Group of Special Forms of Psychiatric Pathology, Department of youth psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agalexeeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Клюшник, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория нейроиммунологии, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory, laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андросова Л.В., Михайлова Н.М., Зозуля С.А., Алексеева А.Г., Клюшник Т.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андросова Л.В., Михайлова Н.М., Зозуля С.А., Алексеева А.Г., Клюшник Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Androsova L.V., Mikhaylova N.M., Zozulya S.A., Alekseeva A.G., Klyushnik T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1167">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1167</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: роль фактора пола в различиях проявлений нормы и патологии не ограничивается феноменом полового диморфизма. Известна различная распространенность отдельных заболеваний у мужчин и женщин, в частности кратное превышение частоты деменции при болезни Альцгеймера (БА) у женщин в сравнении с мужчинами. С учетом роли нейровоспаления в патогенезе нейродегенеративных заболеваний есть основание предполагать половые различия в показателях воспаления на разных стадиях деменции при БА. Цель исследования: сравнительный анализ показателей системы воспаления в плазме крови мужчин и женщин на разных стадиях БА. Пациенты, группа контроля и методы исследования: в исследование включены 210 пациентов с БА (101 мужчин и 109 женщин) от 49 до 94 лет (средний возраст 72,3 ± 8,2 года) с разной степенью тяжести деменции: мягкой, умеренной, тяжелой. В плазме периферической крови спектрофотометрическим методом определяли энзиматическую активность лейкоцитарной эластазы (ЛЭ) и функциональную активность α1-протеиназного ингибитора (α1-ПИ), иммуноферментным методом (ELISA) определяли уровень С-реактивного белка (СРБ) и интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6). Контрольную группу составили 52 психически здоровых человека, которые по возрасту и полу не отличались от больных. Результаты и обсуждение: в крови пациентов с различной тяжестью деменции при БА наблюдалось статистически значимое увеличение активности α1-ПИ по сравнению с контролем (р &lt; 0,0001), независимо от пола. Для всех подгрупп пациентов с БА показатели энзиматической активности ЛЭ находились в пределах контрольного диапазона или выходили за пределы его нижней границы. Низкая активность ЛЭ наблюдалась у мужчин по сравнению с женщинами как в общей группе, так и при умеренной деменции (р = 0,005105, р = 0,028672 соответственно). При тяжелой деменции достоверное снижение активности ЛЭ по сравнению с контролем не зависело от пола. Низкая активность ЛЭ в крови пациентов с БА наряду с повышенным уровнем других маркеров воспаления может быть отражением критического нарушения проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера и/или функциональной истощенности нейтрофилов вследствие длительно текущего воспалительного процесса. У мужчин по сравнению с женщинами обнаружено повышение уровня провоспалительного цитокина ИЛ-6 в общей группе и при умеренной деменцией (р = 0,021238, р = 0,027894 соответственно). Высоко достоверное повышение уровня СРБ выявлялось только у мужчин в подгруппах с различной тяжестью деменции. Показатели СРБ у мужчин достоверно выше, чем у женщин, на стадии умеренной и тяжелой деменции (р = 0,000906, р = 0,000049 соответственно). Заключение: найдены отличительные особенности спектра воспалительных маркеров, зависимые от пола и тяжести деменции при БА. Эти результаты могут быть использованы для разработки профилактических или терапевтических стратегий с учетом пола пациентов с мягким когнитивным снижением с целью определения риска и устойчивости к развитию деменции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: the role of the sex factor in the differences between the manifestations of normality and pathology is not limited to the phenomenon of sexual dimorphism. It is known that the prevalence of certain diseases in males and females is different, in particular, there is a multiple increase in the incidence of dementia in females compared to males in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Taking into account the role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, there is reason to assume gender differences in inflammation indicators at different stages of dementia in AD. The aim of the study was to conduct comparative analysis of indicators of the inflammatory system in the blood plasma of males and females at different stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Patients, control group and methods: a total of 210 patients with AD (101 males and 109 females) aged 49 to 94 years (average age 72.3 ± 8.2) with varying degrees of dementia severity, i.e. mild, moderate, severe, were examined. In peripheral blood plasma, the enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and the functional activity of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were determined by the spectrophotometric method, and the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA). The control group consisted of 52 healthy people, who did not differ from the patients in age and gender. Results and discussion: in the blood of patients with varying severity of dementia in AD, a statistically significant increase in α1-PI activity was observed compared to controls (p &lt; 0.0001), regardless of gender. For all subgroups of patients with AD, the indicators of LE enzymatic activity were within the control range or beyond its lower limit. Low LE activity was observed in males compared to females both in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.005105, p = 0.028672, respectively). In severe dementia, a significant decrease in LE activity compared to the controls did not depend on gender. Low LE activity in the blood of patients with AD, along with elevated levels of other inflammatory markers, may reflect a critical violation of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or functional exhaustion of neutrophils due to a long-term inflammatory process. In males, compared with females, an increase in the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was detected in the general group and in moderate dementia (p = 0.021238, p = 0.027894, respectively). A highly significant increase in CRP levels was only detected in males in subgroups with different severity of dementia. CRP levels in males were significantly higher than in females at the stage of moderate and severe dementia (p = 0.000906, p = 0.000049, respectively). Conclusion: distinctive features of inflammatory markers spectrum were identified, depending on gender and severity of dementia in AD. These results can be used to develop sex-specific preventive or therapeutic strategies for patients with mild cognitive impairment to determine risk and resistance to developing dementia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>маркеры воспаления</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарная эластаза</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-6</kwd><kwd>острофазные белки</kwd><kwd>половые различия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>inflammatory markers</kwd><kwd>leukocyte elastase</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6</kwd><kwd>acute phase proteins</kwd><kwd>gender differences</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сагайдак ОВ, Ощепкова ЕВ, Чазова ИЕ. Гендерные различия в оказании медицинской помощи при остром коронарном синдроме. Анализ данных Федерального регистра острого коронарного синдрома за 2016–2019 гг. 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