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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-4-14-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1215</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммунология шизофрении: современный взгляд на воспалительные гипотезы заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunology of Schizophrenia: A Modern View on Inflammatory Hypotheses of the Disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Клюшник, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории нейроиммунологии, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Professor, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-6007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Зозуля, кандидат  биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Zozulya, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.ermakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клюшник Т.П., Зозуля С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клюшник Т.П., Зозуля С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyushnik T.P., Zozulya S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1215">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1215</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: иммунологическое направление всегда являлось значимой частью биологических исследований шизофрении и в разные годы опиралось на соответствующие фундаментальные представления о функциях иммунной системы и нейроиммунных взаимодействиях. Цель обзора: провести краткий исторический анализ иммунных гипотез шизофрении, отражающих вектор исследований фундаментальной иммунологии, а также представить результаты собственных исследований, подтверждающих ключевую роль хронического воспаления в патогенезе шизофрении, и обосновать возможность использования иммунологических показателей для диагностики и прогноза течения заболевания. Материал и метод: по ключевым словам «шизофрения», «иммунные гипотезы шизофрении», «нейровоспаление», «нейроиммунные взаимосвязи» проведен анализ публикаций из баз PubMed/MEDLINE, РИНЦ и других источников за последние десятилетия в сопоставлении с результатами клинических и биологических исследований шизофрении в Научном центре психического здоровья (НЦПЗ). Заключение: на основе проведенного анализа публикаций показано, что развитие научных представлений о связи иммунной системы и шизофрении привело к пониманию ключевой роли хронического воспаления в патогенезе данного заболевания. На основе сравнительных исследований ряда иммунных маркеров, относящихся к цитокиновой системе, острофазным белкам, протеолитическим ферментам и др., в НЦПЗ создана лабораторная тест-система «Нейроиммуно-тест», включающая комплексное определение воспалительных и аутоиммунных маркеров в плазме крови. Показано, что уровень активации иммунной системы коррелирует с особенностями психопатологической симптоматики пациентов. Идентификация иммунных профилей больных важна для выделения различных подтипов заболевания в целях диагностики и персонализированной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: the immunological direction has always been a significant part of biological studies of schizophrenia and in different years has been based on the relevant fundamental ideas about the functions of the immune system and neuroimmune relationships. Objective: to conduct a brief historical analysis of immune hypotheses of schizophrenia, reflecting the vector of research of fundamental immunology, and also to present the results of our own research, confirming the key role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the possibility of using immunological indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of the course of the disease. Materials and Method: using the keywords “schizophrenia”, “immune hypotheses of schizophrenia”, “neuroinflammation”, “neuroimmune relationships” we analyzed publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, RSCI databases and other sources of the last decades in comparison with the results of clinical and biological studies of schizophrenia at the Mental Health Research Centre (MHRC). Conclusion: based on the analysis of publications, it is shown that the development of scientfic ideas about the relationship between the immune system and schizophrenia has led to the understanding of the key role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of this disease. Based on comparative studies of a number of immune markers related to cytokine system, acute phase proteins, proteolytic enzymes, etc., a laboratory test system “Neuroimmuno-test”, which includes complex determination of iflammatory and autoimmune markers in blood plasma, was created at the MHRC. It is shown that the level of immune system activation correlates with the features of psychopathological symptoms of patients. Identification of the immune profiles of patients is important to differentiate disease subtypes for the purpose of diagnosis and personalized therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунные гипотезы шизофрении</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>нейроиммунные взаимосвязи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>immune hypotheses of schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>neuroimmune relationships</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хорошко ВК. Реакции животного организма на введение нервной ткани (невротоксины, анафилаксия, эндотоксины). М.: Типография МГУ, 1912:273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horoshko VK. Reakcii zhivotnogo organizma na vvedenie nervnoj tkani (nevrotoksiny, anafilaksiya, endotoksiny). M.: Tipografiya MGU, 1912:273. 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