References

psychiatry

ПСИХИАТРИЯ

Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)

1683-83192618-6667

FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»

10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-1-98-112

psychiatry-1320

Research Article

НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ

SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS

Современное состояние проблемы агрессии в психиатрии

Aggression in Psychiatry: State of the Art

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-2472

Чайка

Ю. А.

Chaika

Yu. A.

Юлия Александровна Чайка, доктор медицинских наук, директор

Москва

Yuliya A. Chaika, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Director

Moscow

berseneva76@yandex.ru

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0534-8343

Баранов

М. Л.

Baranov

M. L.

Максим Леонидович Баранов, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник, общий научный отдел; начальник кабинета психотерапии — старший врач-психотерапевт, Центр восстановительной медицины

Москва; Балашиха

Maksim L. Baranov, Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher; psychotherapist, Center of Rehabilitation Medicine

Moscow; Balashikha

maks-med@mail.ru

ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»РоссияFSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre»Russian Federation

ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» ; ФГКУЗ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации»РоссияFSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre» ; Main Military Clinical Hospital of the National Guard ForcesRussian Federation

2025

08052025

23198112

2025

Чайка Ю.А., Баранов М.Л.

Chaika Y.A., Baranov M.L.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1320

Обоснование: агрессия является одним из наиболее сложных и актуальных клинических вызовов, с которыми сталкиваются врачи, работающие с психически больными. Несмотря на значимость этой проблемы, механизмы возникновения и факторы риска агрессии до сих пор не полностью изучены. Цель обзора — провести анализ современных исследований агрессии и агрессивного поведения у психически больных, а также работ, посвященных возможности прогнозирования агрессивного поведения с использованием современных методов диагностики. Материал и методы: поиск источников производился по базам данных Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine и Google Scholar с использованием ключевых слов: «агрессия», «психические расстройства», «механизмы агрессии», «факторы агрессии». В отбор включались статьи, опубликованные на русском и английском языках за последние 20 лет. Обсуждение: рассмотрены различные подходы к определению и классификации агрессивного поведения, а также основные гипотезы, объясняющие его механизмы. В большинстве работ признается тесная связь между психическими расстройствами и повышенным риском агрессивного поведения. Исследователи объясняют агрессию у психически больных взаимодействием различных факторов. Одним из них является генетическая предрасположенность к агрессии, которая играет значительную роль, однако ее проявление тесно связано с влиянием окружающей среды. Показана важная роль генетических детерминант в формировании агрессии, включающих анализ отдельных генов, геномные ассоциации и межпоколенческую передачу. Обсуждается связь агрессивного поведения с нейрофизиологическими процессами в головном мозге. Тем не менее, требуются дальнейшие исследования, направленные на детальное изучение механизмов возникновения агрессии на молекулярном, нейрохимическом и нейронном уровне. Заключение: изучение механизмов формирования и реализации агрессивного поведения имеет решающее значение в создании систем профилактики общественно опасных действий пациентов. Наиболее перспективными считаются исследования в области генетики, биологии и нейробиологии агрессивного поведения.

Background: aggression is one of the most complex and relevant clinical challenges faced by clinicians working with the mentally ill. Despite the significance of this problem, the mechanisms of occurrence and risk factors of aggression are still not fully understood. The aim of review is to analyse modern research studying aggression and aggressive behavior in psychiatric patients, as well as the possibility of predicting aggressive behavior using modern diagnostic methods. Material and Methods: sources were searched in Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine and Google Scholar databases using the keywords: ‘aggression’, ‘psychiatric disorders’, ‘mechanisms of aggression’, ‘aggression factors’. The selection included articles published in Russian and English in the last 20 years. Discussion: various approaches to the definition and classification of aggressive behavior are considered and the main hypotheses explaining its mechanisms discussed. Most of studies demonstrates a strong association between psychiatric disorders and increased risk of aggressive behavior. Aggression in psychiatric patients considered due to the interaction of a complex set of factors. Researchers assign a significant role to genetic predisposition to aggression, but its manifestation closely related to environmental influences. The important role of genetic determinants in the formation of aggression is shown, including the analysis of individual genes, genomic associations and intergenerational transmission. It also shown that aggressive behavior closely related to neurophysiological processes in the brain. Nevertheless, it requires furtherresearch for a detailed study of aggressive behavior mechanisms on the molecular, neurochemical and neuronal levels. Conclusion: the study of the mechanisms of formation and implementation of aggressive behavior is crucial in the creation of systems for the prevention of socially dangerous actions on the part of patients in relation to their environment. Further research in the field of genetics, biology and neurobiology of aggressive behavior considered as the most perspective.

агрессияагрессивное поведениепсихические расстройстваклассификация агрессиимеханизмы агрессиинаучные гипотезынейрофизиологические корреляты агрессиибиомаркеры агрессии

aggressionaggressive behaviormental disordersclassification of aggressionmechanisms of aggressionscientific hypothesesneurophysiological correlates of aggressionbiomarkers of aggression

References1

Горинов ВВ, Шостакович БВ, Вандыш ВВ, Абакаров РЗ, Берсенева ЮА, Гамаюнова ТЛ, Григорьев АА, Ню ТГ, Усюкина МВ, Простова АС, Корнилова СВ, Кондратьев ФВ, Ушакова ИМ, Васюков СА, Нохуров БА, Аболмасова ОА, Чередниченко ОЮ, Кириллова АЮ, Егорова ОЮ, Харитонова НК, Васянина ВИ, Качаева МА, Ядрова ТВ, Ткаченко АА, Введенский ГЕ, Яковлева ЕЮ, Амбарцумян ЭС, Саламова ДК, Каменсков МЮ, Бухановский АО, Бухановская ОА, Василевский ВГ, Бакалейник ММ, Фастовцов ГА, Савина ОФ, Кудрявцев ИА, Морозова МВ, Сафуанов ФС, Печерникова ТП, Смирнова ТА, Бутылина НВ, Гусинская ЛВ, Завидовская ГИ, Качнова НА, Пищикова ЛЕ, Цыро ИВ, Михайловская ОГ. Агрессия и психические расстройства. Том 1. М., 2006.

Gorinov VV, Shostakovich BV, Vandysh VV, Abakarov RZ, Berseneva YUA, Gamayunova TL, Grigor’ev AA, Nyu TG, Usyukina MV, Prostova AS, Kornilova SV, Kondrat’ev FV, Ushakova IM, Vasyukov SA, Nohurov BA, Abolmasova OA, CHerednichenko OYU, Kirillova AYU, Egorova OYU, Haritonova NK, Vasyanina VI, Kachaeva MA, YAdrova TV, Tkachenko AA, Vvedenskij GE, YAkovleva EYU, Ambarcumyan ES, Salamova DK, Kamenskov MYU, Buhanovskij AO, Buhanovskaya OA, Vasilevskij VG, Bakalejnik MM, Fastovcov GA, Savina OF, Kudryavcev IA, Morozova MV, Safuanov FS, Pechernikova TP, Smirnova TA, Butylina NV, Gusinskaya LV, Zavidovskaya GI, Kachnova NA, Pishchikova LE, Cyro IV, Mihajlovskaya OG. Aggression and mental disorders. Vol 1. M., 2006. (In Russ.).

Dollard J, Miller NE, Doob LW, Mowrer OH, Sears RR. Frustration and Aggression. New Haven, CT, US: Yale University Press. OCLC 256003. 1939.

Кернберг ОФ. Отношения любви: норма и патология / пер. с англ. М.Н. Георгиевой. М., 2006. Kernberg OF. Love relations: normality and pathology / translated by M.N. Georgieva. M., 2006. (In Russ.).

Kernberg OF. Love relations: normality and pathology / translated by M.N. Georgieva. M., 2006. (In Russ.).

Изард КЭ. Эмоции человека: пер. с англ. М., Изд-во МГУ, 1980.

Izard KE. Human emotions: translated. M., Moscow University Press, 1980. (In Russ.).

Фромм Э. Анатомия человеческой деструктивности / пер. с нем. Э.М. Телятниковой. М., АСТ, 2016.

Fromm E. The anatomy of human destructiveness / translated from German by E.M. Telyatnikova. M., AST, 2016. (In Russ.).

Ениколопов СН. Актуальные проблемы исследования агрессивного поведения. Прикладная юридическая психология. 2010;(2):37–47.

Enikolopov SN. Current problems of aggressive behavior research. Applied legal psychology. 2010;(2):37–47. (In Russ.).

Соловьева СЛ. Агрессивное поведение и агрессивность как свойство личности. Обозрение психиатрии и медицинской психологии им. В.М. Бехтерева. 1995;(3–4):13–19.

Solov’eva SL. Aggressive behavior and aggressiveness as a personality trait. V.M. Bekhterev review of psychiatry and medical psychology. 1995;(3–4):13–19. (In Russ.).

Реан АА. Агрессия и агрессивность личности. Психологический журнал. 1996;17(5):3–18.

Rean AA. Aggression and aggressiveness of personality. Psychological Journal. 1996;17(5):3–18. (In Russ.).

Buss DM, Shackelford TK. Human aggression in evolutionary psychological perspective. Clin Psychol Rev. 1997;17(6):605–619. doi: 10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00037-8

Archer J. The nature of human aggression. Int J Law Psychiatry. 2009;32(4):202–208. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.04.001

Kolla NJ, Bortolato M. The role of monoamine oxidase A in the neurobiology of aggressive, antisocial, and violent behavior: A tale of mice and men. Prog Neurobiol. 2020;194:101875. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101875

Агаларзаде ГВ, Амбарцумян ЭС, Андреева ЕС, Антонян ЮМ, Бутылина НВ, Вандыш-Бубко ВВ, Василевский ВГ, Васюков СА, Васянина ВИ, Введенский ГЕ, Верещагин ВА, Вострокнутов НВ, Гавриленко АЯ, Горинов ВВ, Горшков ИВ, Гурьева ВА, Гусинская ЛВ, Дворянчиков НВ, Демчева НК, Державина СС, Дмитриева ТБ, Дозорцева ЕГ, Дроздов А, Жирков ЮА, Журавлев АБ, Завидовская ГИ, Иммерман КЛ, Качаева МА, Киренская-Берус АВ, Ковалева ИЛ, Коган БМ, Кондратьев ФВ, Кондрашин ИЮ, Королева ЕВ, Кудрявцев ИА, Кузьминова МВ, Куликовский ЮЮ, Лаврова ТН, Лебедев СВ, Литвинцева МС, Максимова НВ, Макушкин ЕВ, Мамонова ИП, Манысовская ИВ, Морозова МВ, Мямлин ВВ, Никулина ТА, Новотоцкий-Власов ВЮ, Осколкова СН, Пережогин ЛО, Печерникова ТП, Потапов СА, Ражба ЮЛ, Рябухин ИА, Савина ОФ, Савченко ЕА, Сафуанов ФС, Семенова ОФ, Смирнова ТА, Табеева ДМ, Ткаченко АА, Турина ОИ, Усюкина МВ, Филатова ТС, Харитонова НК, Чехонин ВП, Шепелева ИИ, Шостакович БВ, Юсупова ИУ, Яковлева ЕЮ. Агрессия и психическое здоровье. М., Издательство «Юридический центр Пресс», 2002.

Agalarzade GV, Ambarcumyan ES, Andreeva ES, Antonyan YuM, Butylina NV, Vandysh-Bubko VV, Vasilevskij VG, Vasyukov SA, Vasyanina VI, Vvedenskij GE, Vereshchagin VA, Vostroknutov NV, Gavrilenko AYa, Gorinov VV, Gorshkov IV, Gur’eva VA, Gusinskaya LV, Dvoryanchikov NV, Demcheva NK, Derzhavina SS, Dmitrieva TB, Dozorceva EG, Drozdov A, ZHirkov YUA, ZHuravlev AB, Zavidovskaya GI, Immerman KL, Kachaeva MA, Kirenskaya-Berus AV, Kovaleva IL, Kogan BM, Kondrat’ev FV, Kondrashin IYU, Koroleva EV, Kudryavcev IA, Kuz’minova MV, Kulikovskij YuYu, Lavrova TN, Lebedev SV, Litvinceva MS, Maksimova NV, Makushkin EV, Mamonova IP, Manysovskaya IV, Morozova MV, Myamlin VV, Nikulina TA, Novotockij-Vlasov VYu, Oskolkova SN, Perezhogin LO, Pechernikova TP, Potapov SA, Razhba YuL, Ryabuhin IA, Savina OF, Savchenko EA, Safuanov FS, Semenova OF, Smirnova TA, Tabeeva DM, Tkachenko AA, Turina OI, Usyukina MV, Filatova TS, Haritonova NK, Chekhonin VP, Shepeleva II, Shostakovich BV, Yusupova IU, Yakovleva EYu. Aggression and mental health. M., Yuridicheskij centr Press, 2002. (In Russ.).

Абрамова АА, Кузнецова СО, Ениколопов СН, Разумова АВ. Специфика проявлений агрессивности у больных с депрессией разной нозологической принадлежности, степени тяжести и длительности. Вестник Московского университета. Серия 14: Психология. 2014;(2):75–89.

Abramova AA, Kuznecova SO, Enikolopov SN, Razumova AV. Specificity of the manifestations of aggression in patients with depression different nosology, severity and duration. Lomonosov Psychology Journal. 2014;(2):75–89. (In Russ.).

Monahan J, Vesselinov R, Robbins PC, Appelbaum PS. Violence to others, violent self-victimization, and violent victimization by others among persons with a mental illness. Psychiatr Serv. 2017;68:516–519. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201600135

Whiting D, Lichtenstein P, Fazel S. Violence and mental disorders: a structured review of associations by individual diagnoses, risk factors, and risk assessment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:150–161. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30262-5

Kageyama M, Solomon P. Post-traumatic stress disorder in parents of patients with schizophrenia following familial violence. PloS One. 2018;13:e0198164. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198164

Tasa-Vinyals E, Álvarez MJ, Puigoriol-Juvanteny E, Roura-Poch P, García-Eslava JS, Escoté-Llobet S. Intimate partner violence among patients diagnosed with severe mental disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2020;208:749– 754. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000001207

Телешева КЮ. Сравнительное исследование психологических особенностей лиц, склонных к криминальной агрессии в норме и при психических расстройствах. Прикладная юридическая психология. 2023;4(65):73–86. doi: 10.33463/2072-8336.2023.4(65).073-086

Telesheva KJu. Comparative study of the psychological characteristics of persons prone to criminal aggression in normal and mental disorders. Applied legal psychology. 2023;4(65):73–86. (In Russ.). doi: 10.33463/2072-8336.2023.4(65).073-086

Макушкина ОА, Оспанова АВ, Фролова АВ. Клинические предикторы агрессивного поведения у лиц с психическими расстройствами (часть 1). Психическое здоровье. 2021;(6):49–58. doi: 10.25557/2074-014X.2021.06.49-58

Makushkina OA, Ospanova AV, Frolova AV. Clinical predictors of aggressive behavior in people with severe mental disorders. Part 1. Mental Health. 2021;(6):49–58. (In Russ.). doi: 10.25557/2074-014X.2021.06.49-58

Дмитриева ТБ, Антонян ЮМ, Горинов BB, Шостакович БВ. Патопсихологические и криминологические аспекты агрессивного поведения лиц с психическими расстройствами. Российский психиатрический журнал. 1999;(4):4–9.

Dmitrieva TB, Antonyan YUM, Gorinov BB, SHostakovich BV. Pathopsychological and criminological aspects of aggressive behavior of people with mental disorders. Russian journal of psychiatry. 1999;(4):4–9. (In Russ.).

Weltens I, Bak M, Verhagen S, Vandenberk E, Domen P, van Amelsvoort T, Drukker M. Aggression on the psychiatric ward: Prevalence and risk factors. A systematic review of the literature. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0258346. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258346

Sonnweber M, Lau S, Kirchebner J. Exploring characteristics of homicide offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders via machine learning. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2022;306624x221102799. doi: 10.21428/cb6ab371

Cheng N, Guo M, Yan F, Guo Z, Meng J, Ning K, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Han Y, Wang C. Application of machine learning in predicting aggressive behaviors from hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1016586. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1016586

Yu T, Zhang X, Liu X, Xu C, Deng C. The prediction and influential factors of violence in male schizophrenia patients with machine learning algorithms. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:799899. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.799899

Yu T, Zhang X, Liu X, Xu C, Deng C. The prediction and inuential factors of violence in male schizophrenia patients with machine learning algorithms. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:799899. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.799899

Wang KZ, Bani-Fatemi A, Adanty C, Harripaul R, Griffiths J, Kolla N, Gerretsen P, Graff A, De Luca V. Prediction of physical violence in schizophrenia with machine learning algorithms. Psychiatry Res. 2020;289:112960. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112960

Yu T, Pei W, Xu C, Zhang X, Deng C. Prediction of violence in male schizophrenia using sMRI, based on machine learning algorithms. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:676. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04331-1

Цыганков БД, Берсенева ЮА. Внутрибольничное агрессивное поведение больных психическими расстройствами. Сообщение 1: основные характеристики. Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии. 2011;(9):17–20.

Tsygankov BD, Berseneva YuA. Hospital-aggressive behavior of patients with mental disorders. Message 1: basic characteristics. Bulletin of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery. 2011;(9):17–20. (In Russ.).

Sun L, Han X, Wang K, Xu C, Song Z, Zhang J, Cao D, Tan L, Chen F, Wu S, He L, Wan C. Candidate symptomatic markers for predicting violence in schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study of 7711 patients in a Chinese population. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;59:102645. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102645

Kirchebner J, Sonnweber M, Nater UM, Günther M, Lau S. Stress, schizophrenia, and violence: A machine learning approach. J Interpers Violence. 2022;37:602– 622. doi: 10.1177/0886260520913641

Watts D, Mamak M, Moulden H, Upfold C, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Kapczinski F, Chaimowitz G. The HARM models: Predicting longitudinal physical aggression in patients with schizophrenia at an individual level. J Psychiatr Res. 2023;161:91–98. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.030

Machetanz L, Hofmann AB, Möhrke J, Kirchebner J. Offenders and non-offenders with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the crime-preventive potential of sufficient embedment in the mental healthcare and support system. Front Psychiatry. 2023;14:1231851. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1231851

Porsch RM, Middeldorp CM, Cherny SS, Krapohl E, van Beijsterveldt CE, Loukola A, Korhonen T, Pulkkinen L, Corley R, Rhee S, Kaprio J, Rose RR, Hewitt JK, Sham P, Plomin R, Boomsma DI, Bartels M. Longitudinal heritability of childhood aggression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):697–707. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32420

Pappa I, St Pourcain B, Benke K, Cavadino A, Hakulinen C, Nivard MG, Nolte IM, Tiesler CM, Baker mansKranenburg MJ, Davies GE, Evans DM, Geoffroy MC, Grallert H, Groen-Blokhuis MM, Hudziak JJ, Kemp JP, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, McMahon G, Mileva-Seitz VR, Motazedi E, Power C, Raitakari OT, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Rodriguez A, Scheet PA, Seppälä I, Snieder H, Standl M, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Veenstra R, Velders FP, Whitehouse AJ, Smith GD, Heinrich J, Hypponen E, Lehtimäki T, Middeldorp CM, Oldehinkel AJ, Pennell CE, Boomsma DI, Tiemeier H. A genome-wide approach to children’s aggressive behavior: The EAGLE consortium. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):562–572. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32333

Tremblay RE, Szyf M. Developmental origins of chronic physical aggression and epigenetics. Epigenomics. 2010;2(4):495–9. doi: 10.2217/epi.10.40

Wang D, Szyf M, Benkelfat C, Provençal N, Turecki G, Caramaschi D, Côté SM, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Booij L. Peripheral SLC6A4 DNA methylation is associated with in vivo measures of human brain serotonin synthesis and childhood physical aggression. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039501

Hagenbeek FA, Kluft C, Hankemeier T, Bartels M, Draisma HHM, Middeldorp CM, Berger R, Noto A, Lussu M, Pool R, Fanos V, Boomsma DI. 2016. Discovery of Biochemical Biomarkers for Aggression: A Role for Metabolomics in Psychiatry. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):719–732. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32435

Маркова ЕВ, Серенко ЕВ. Цитокин-опосредованные механизмы коррекции агрессивного поведения модулированными in vitro иммунокомпетентными клетками. Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. 2023;1(118):32–40. doi: 10.26617/1810-3111-2023-1(118)-32-40

Markova EV, Serenko EV. Cytokine-mediated mechanisms for the correction of aggressive behavior by in vitro modulated immunocompetent cells. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023;1(118):32–40. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26617/1810-3111-2023-1(118)-32-40

Collins SM, Surette M, Bercik P. The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2012;10(11):735–42. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2876

Cryan JF, O’Riordan KJ, Cowan CSM, Sandhu KV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Boehme M, Codagnone MG, Cussotto S, Fulling C, Golubeva AV, Guzzetta KE, Jaggar M, Long-Smith CM, Lyte JM, Martin JA, Molinero-Perez A, Moloney G, Morelli E, Morillas E, O’Connor R, Cruz-Pereira JS, Peterson VL, Rea K, Ritz NL, Sherwin E, Spichak S, Teichman EM, van de Wouw M, Ventura-Silva AP, Wallace-Fitzsimons SE, Hyland N, Clarke G, Dinan TG. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiol Rev. 2019;99(4):1877–2013. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2018

Sherwin E, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Recent developments in understanding the role of the gut microbiota in brain health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1420(1):5–25. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13416

Uzan-Yulzari A, Turjeman S, Moadi L, Getselter D, Sharon E, Rautava S, Isolauri E, Khatib S, Elliott E, Koren O. A gut reaction? The role of the microbiome in aggression. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;122:301– 312. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.011

Anholt RR, Mackay TF. Genetics of aggression. Annu Rev Genet. 2012;46:145–64. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110711-155514

Veroude K, Zhang-James Y, Fernàndez-Castillo N, Bakker MJ, Cormand B, Faraone SV. Genetics of aggressive behavior: An overview. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171B(1):3–43. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32364

Waltes R, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM. The neurobiological basis of human aggression: A review on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2016;171(5):650–675. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32388

Eley TC, Lichtenstein P, Moffitt TE. A longitudinal behavioral genetic analysis of the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior. Dev Psychopathol. 2003;15(2):383–402. doi: 10.1017/s095457940300021x

Odintsova VV, Roetman PJ, Ip HF, Pool R, Van der Laan CM, Tona KD, Vermeiren RRJM, Boomsma DI. Genomics of human aggression: current state of genome-wide studies and an automated systematic review tool. Psychiatr Genet. 2019;29(5):170–190. doi: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000239

Besemer S, Ahmad SI, Hinshaw SP, Farrington DP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the intergenerational transmission of criminal behavior. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2017;(37):161–178.

Тощакова ВА, Вялова НМ, Бойко АС, Гусев СИ, Иванова СА, Бохан НА. Уровень кортизола и адренокортикотропного гормона у лиц с криминальным поведением. Фундаментальные исследования. 2013;12(1):81–84.

Toshchakova VA, Vyalova NM, Boyko AS, Gusev SI, Ivanova SA, Bokhan NA. The level of cortisol and adreno corticotropic hormone in individuals with criminal behavior. Basic Research. 2013;12(1):81–84. (In Russ.).

Gavrilova VA, Ivanova SA, Gusev SI, Trofimova MV, Bokhan NA. Neurosteroids dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in individuals with personality disorders convicted of serious violent crimes. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2012;154(1):89–91. doi: 10.1007/s10517-012-1882-6

Davidson M, Rashidi N, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The role of tryptophan metabolites in neuropsychiatric disorders. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(17):9968. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179968

Carre JM, Robinson BA. Testosterone administration in human social neuroendocrinology: Past, present, and future. Horm Behav. 2020;122:104754. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020

Макушкина ОА, Гурина ОИ, Голенкова ВА. Клинико-социальный и биологический аспекты предикции агрессивного противоправного поведения лиц с тяжелыми психическими расстройствами. Психическое здоровье. 2023;22(3):3–15.

Makushkina OA, Gurina OI, Golenkova VA. Clinical, social and biological aspects of the prediction of aggressive illegal behavior of persons with severe mental disorders. Mental Health. 2023;22(3):3–15. (In Russ.).

Макушкина ОА, Леурда ЕВ, Голенкова ВА. Мультифакторная природа агрессивного поведения у лиц с расстройствами шизофренического спектра. Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. 2023;3(120):45–54. doi: 10.26617/1810-3111-2023-3(120)-45-54

Makushkina OA, Leurda EV, Golenkova VA. Multi factor nature of aggressive behavior in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2023;3(120):45– 54. (In Russ.). doi: 10.26617/1810-3111-2023-3(120)-45-54

Chen X, Xu J, Tang J, Dai X, Huang H, Cao R, Hu J. Dysregulation of amino acids and lipids metabolism in schizophrenia with violence. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):97. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02499-y

Chen SC, Chu NH, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. Trajectory classes of violent behavior and their relationship to lipid levels in schizophrenia inpatients. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;66-67:105–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.04.022

Wrangham RW. Two types of aggression in human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(2):245– 253. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1713611115

Vitaro F, Brendgen M, Barker ED. Subtypes of aggressive behaviors: A developmental perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 2006;30(1):12–19. doi: 10.1177/0165025406059968

Fanning JR, Keedy S, Berman ME, Lee R, Coccaro EF. Neural Correlates of Aggressive Behavior in Real Time: a Review of fMRI Studies of Laboratory Reactive Aggression. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep. 2017;4(2):138– 150. doi: 10.1007/s40473-017-0115-8

Coccaro EF, Shima CK, Lee RJ. Comorbidity of perso nality disorder with intermittent explosive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;106:15–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.013

Zhu W, Zhou X, Xia LX. Brain structures and functional connectivity associated with individual differences in trait proactive aggression. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7731. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44115-4

Matthies S, Rüsch N, Weber M, Lieb K, Philipsen A, Tuescher O, Ebert D, Hennig J, van Elst LT. Small amygdala-high aggression? The role of the amygdala in modulating aggression in healthy subjects. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2012;13:75–81. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2010.541282

Pardini DA, Raine A, Erickson K, Loeber R. Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and future violence. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;75:73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.04.003

New AS, Hazlett EA, Newmark RE, Zhang J, Triebwasser J, Meyerson D, Lazarus S, Trisdorfer R, Goldstein KE, Goodman M, Koenigsberg HW, Flory JD, Sie ver LJ, Buchsbaum MS. Laboratory induced aggression: a positron emission tomography study of aggressive individuals with borderline personality disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66:1107–1114. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.015

Gansler DA, McLaughlin NC, Iguchi L, Jerram M, Moore DW, Bhadelia R, Fulwiler C. A multivariate approach to aggression and the orbital frontal cortex in psychiatric patients. Psychiatry Res. 2009;171:145– 154. doi: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.03.007

Ducharme S, Hudziak JJ, Botteron KN, Ganjavi H, Lepage C, Collins DL, Albaugh MD, Evans AC, Karama S. Brain Development Cooperative Group. Right anterior cingulate cortical thickness and bilateral striatal volume correlate with child behavior checklist aggressive behavior scores in healthy children. Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70:283–290. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.015

Цыганков БД, Берсенева ЮА. Больные шизофренией с внутрибольничной агрессией. Сообщение 1. Особенности преморбида и манифестации. Сибирский вестник психиатрии и наркологии. 2011;2(65):17–19.

Tsygankov BD, Berseneva YuA. Schizophrenic patients with intramural aggression. Report 1. Peculiarities of pre-morbid and manifestation. Siberian Herald of Psychiatry and Addiction Psychiatry. 2011;2(65):17–19. (In Russ.).

Faay MDM, Sommer IE. Risk and Prevention of Aggression in Patients With Psychotic Disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2021;178(3):218–220. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.21010035

Girasek H, Nagy VA, Fekete S, Ungvari GS, Gazdag G. Prevalence and correlates of aggressive behavior in psychiatric inpatient populations. World J Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):1–23. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.1

Hodgins S, Piatosa MJ, Schiffer B. Violence among people with schizophrenia: phenotypes and neurobiology. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2014;17:329–68. doi: 10.1007/7854_2013_259

Fazel S, Gulati G, Linsell L, Geddes JR, Grann M. Schizophrenia and violence: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2009;6(8):e1000120. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed

Richard-Devantoy S, Bouyer-Richard AI, Jollant F, Mondoloni A, Voyer M, Senon JL. Homicide, schizophrenia and substance abuse: a complex interaction. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2013;61(4):339–50. doi: 10.1016/ j.respe.2013.01.096

Pickard H, Fazel S. Substance abuse as a risk factor for violence in mental illness: some implications for forensic psychiatric practice and clinical ethics. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2013;26:349–54.

Tengström A, Hodgins S, Kullgren G. Men with schizophrenia who behave violently: the usefulness of an early- versus late-start offender typology. Schizophr Bull. 2001;27(2):205–218.

de Girolamo G, Iozzino L, Ferrari C, Gosek P, Heitzman J, Salize HJ, Wancata J, Picchioni M, Macis A. A multinational case-control study comparing forensic and non-forensic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the EU-VIORMED project. Psychol Med. 2023;53(5):1814–1824. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721003433

Soyka M. Neurobiology of aggression and violence in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:913–920. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr103

Kahn RS, Keefe RS. Schizophrenia is a cognitive illness: time for a change in focus. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013;70(10):1107–1112. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.155. PMID: 23925787

Brent BK, Seidman LJ, Thermenos HW, Holt DJ, Kesha J. Crim Justicevan MS. Self-disturbances as a possible premorbid indicator of schizophrenia risk: A neurodevelopmental perspective. Schizophr Res. 2014;152:73–80. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.038

Whiting D, Gulati G, Geddes JR, Fazel S. Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79(2):120–132. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3721

McCuish EC, Corrado RR, Hart SD, DeLisi M. The role of symptoms of psychopathy in persistent violence over the criminal career into full adulthood. J. Crim Justice. 2015;43(4):345–356. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.04.008

Corrigan PW, Watson AC. Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey on the frequency of violent behavior in individuals with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res. 2005;136:153–162.

Fazel S, Lichtenstein P, Grann M, Goodwin GM, Langstrom N. Bipolar disorder and violent crime: new evidence from population-based longitudinal studies and systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:931–938.

Látalová K. Bipolar disorder and aggression. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(6):889–899. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02001.x

Ballester J, Goldstein T, Goldstein B, Obreja M, Axelson D, Monk K, Hickey M, Iyengar S, Farchione T, Kupfer DJ, Brent D, Birmaher B. Is bipolar disorder specifically associated with aggression? Bipolar Disord. 2012;14(3):283–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01006.x

Ballester J, Goldstein B, Goldstein TR, Yu H, Axelson D, Monk K, Hickey MB, Diler RS, Sakolsky DJ, Sparks G, Iyengar S, Kupfer DJ, Brent DA, Birmaher B. Prospective longitudinal course of aggression among adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2014;16(3):262–269. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12168

Soyka M, Schmidt P. Prevalence of delusional jealousy in psychiatric disorders. J Forensic Sci. 2011;56(2):450–452. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01664.x

Dunne AL, Gilbert F, Daffern M. Elucidating the relationship between personality disorder traits and aggression using the new DSM-5 dimensional– catego rical model for personality disorder. Psychology of Violence. 2018;8(5):615–629. doi: 10.1037/vio0000144

Gilbert F, Daffern M, Talevski D, Ogloff JR. Understanding the personality disorder and aggression relationship: an investigation using contemporary aggression theory. J Pers Disord. 2015;29:100–114. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2013_27_077

Пятницкий НЮ, Ениколопов СН. Антисоциальное расстройство личности как форма адаптационной стратегии. Психиатрия. 2024;22(3):63–72. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72

Pyatnitskiy NYu, Enikolopov SN. Antisocial Personality Disorder as a Form of Adaptive Strategy. Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya). 2024;22(3):63–72. (In Russ.). doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2024-22-3-63-72

Genovese T, Dalrymple K, Chelminski I, Zimmerman M. Subjective anger and overt aggression in psychiatric outpatients. Compr Psychiatry. 2017;73:23–30. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.10.008

Mancke F, Herpertz SC, Bertsch K. Correlates of Aggression in Personality Disorders: an Update. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2018;20:53. doi: 10.1007/s11920-018-0929-4

Гиленко ТД, Гадисов ТГ, Зейгер МВ, Самылкин ДВ, Ткаченко АА. Особенности мотивационного и эмоционального профилей у лиц с расстройством личности, совершивших агрессивные правонарушения против личности. Российский психиатрический журнал. 2024;1:23–36.

Gilenko TD, Gadisov TG, Zeiger MV, Samylkin DV, Tkachenko AA. Special aspects of motivational and emotional profiles of individuals with personality disorder who have committed aggressive offenses against person. Russian journal of psychiatry. 2024;1:23–36. (In Russ.).

Киренская АВ, Сторожева ЗИ, Телешева КЮ, Гиленко ТД, Мямлин ВВ, Самылкин ДВ, Ткаченко АА, Сафуанов ФС. Комплексное психофизиологическое исследование факторов риска импульсивной агрессии при аномалиях личности. Российский психиатрический журнал. 2023;2:25–37.

Kirenskaya AV, Storozheva ZI, Telesheva KYu, Gilenko TD, Myamlin VV, Samylkin DV, Tkachenko AA, Safuanov FS. The complex psychophysiological study of risk factors of impulsive aggression in personality anomalies. Russian journal of psychiatry. 2023;2:25– 37. (In Russ.).

Tomlinson MF, Brown M, Hoaken PN. Recreational drug use and human aggressive behavior: A comprehensive review since 2003. Aggress Violent Behav. 2016;27:9–29. doi: 10.1037/vio0000144

Dack C, Ross J, Papadopoulos C, Stewart D, Bowers L. A review and meta-analysis of the patient factors associated with psychiatric in-patient aggression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013;127:255–268. doi: 10.1111/acps.12053

Baran B, Szabó FÁ, Kara B, Kovács M, Uzonyi A, Antal A, Ungvári GS, Gazdag G. Do previous offences predict violent acts in psychiatric patients? A retrospective study in Hungary. Ideggyogy Sz. 2015;68(3- 4):99–104.

Hoaken PN, Stewart SH. Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior. Addict Behav. 2003;28:1533–1554. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.033

Khan SS, Ye B, Taati B, Mihailidis A. Detecting agitation and aggression in people with dementia using sensors-A systematic review. Alzheimer’s Dement. 2018;14:824–832. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.004

Yu R, Topiwala A, Jacoby R, Fazel S. Aggressive Behaviors in Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;27:290–300. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.10.008

Dutton DG, Karakanta C. Depression as a risk marker for aggression: A critical review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2013;18:310–319.

100

Coid JW, Ullrich S, Kallis C, Freestone M, Gonzalez R, Bui L, Igoumenou A, Constantinou A, Fenton N, Marsh W, Yang M, DeStavola B, Hu J, Shaw J, Doyle M, Archer-Power L, Davoren M, Osumili B, McCrone P, Barrett K, Hindle D, Bebbington P. Improving risk management for violence in mental health services: a multimethods approach. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library. 2016. PMID: 27929618.

101

Cearns M, Opel N, Clark S, Kaehler C, Thalamuthu A, Heindel W, Winter T, Teismann H, Minnerup H, Dannlowski U, Berger K, Baune BT. Predicting rehospitalization within 2 years of initial patient admission for a major depressive episode: a multimodal machine learning approach. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9(1):285. doi: 10.1038/s41398-019-0615-2

102

Parsaei M, Taghavizanjani F, Cattarinussi G, Moghaddam HS, Di Camillo F, Akhondzadeh S, Sambataro F, Brambilla P, Delvecchio G. Classification of suicidality by training supervised machine learning models with brain MRI findings: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2023;340:766–791. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.034

103

Iniesta R, Stahl D, McGuffin P. Machine learning, statistical learning and the future of biological research in psychiatry. Psychol Med. 2016;46:2455–2465. doi: 10.1017/S0033291716001367

104

Günther MP, Kirchebner J, Lau S. Identifying direct coercion in a high risk subgroup of offender patients with schizophrenia via machine learning algorithms. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:415. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00415

105

Jiménez S, Angeles-Valdez D, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Fresán A, Miranda E, Alcalá-Lozano R, Duque-Alarcón X, Arango de Montis I, Garza-Villarreal EA. Machine learning detects predictors of symptom severity and impulsivity after dialectical be havior therapy skills training group in borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:42–49. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.063

Jiménez S, Angeles-Valdez D, Rodríguez-Delgado A, Fresán A, Miranda E, Alcalá-Lozano R, DuqueAlarcón X, Arango de Montis I, Garza-Villarreal EA. Machine learning detects predictors of symptom severity and impulsivity after dialectical be havior therapy skills training group in borderline personality disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;151:42–49. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.063

106

Verrey J, Ariel B, Harinam V, Dillon L. Using machine learning to forecast domestic homicide via police data and super learning. Sci Rep. 2023;13:22932. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50274-2

107

Vijeikis R, Raudonis V, Dervinis G. Efficient violence detection in surveillance. Sensors. 2022;22:2216. doi: 10.3390/s22062216

108

Bakhshi A, García-Gómez J, Gil-Pita R, Chalup S. Violence detection in real-life audio signals using lightweight deep neural networks. Proc Comput Science. 2023;222:244–251. doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2023.08.162

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.