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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-3-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические особенности депрессий позднего возраста с различными нейробиохимическими моделями ферментативной активности энергетического, антиоксидантного и глутаматного обмена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Features of Late-Life Depression with Different Biochemical Activity Patterns of Enzymes of Energy, Antioxidant and Glutamate Metabolism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-0427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Борисовна Яковлева, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, группа психозов позднего возраста, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga B. Yakovleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, the Late Life Psychosis Group, Department of Geriatric PsychiatryMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakob2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-1622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафарова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Петровна Сафарова, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель группы психозов позднего возраста, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Safarova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Late Life Psychosis Group, Department of Geriatric PsychiatryMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saftatiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-6606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Константиновна Савушкина, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руково- дитель лаборатории нейрохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga K. Savushkina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of NeurochemistryMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3800@1090393.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохорова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Андреевна Прохорова, научный сотрудник, лаборатория нейрохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Prokhorova, Researcher, Laboratory of NeurochemistryMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3805@1090393.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBSI «Mental Health Research Centre»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлева О.Б., Сафарова Т.П., Савушкина О.К., Прохорова Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлева О.Б., Сафарова Т.П., Савушкина О.К., Прохорова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovleva O.B., Safarova T.P., Savushkina O.K., Prokhorova T.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1381">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1381</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: нарушение энергетического метаболизма, глутаматного и глутатионового обмена вносит различный вклад в развитие депрессий позднего возраста. Цель исследования: изучение клинических особенностей депрессий в группах больных позднего возраста, выделенных по активности тромбоцитарных ферментов энергетического и глутаматного метаболизма и антиоксидантной системы глутатиона. Пациенты и методы: в исследовании участвовали 52 госпитализированных пациента (40 женщин и 12 мужчин) 60–86 лет с депрессивным эпизодом рекуррентного депрессивного расстройства (РДР), биполярного аффективного расстройства (БАР) и единичным эпизодом депрессивного расстройства (ДЭ) по МКБ-10. В исследовании использовали клинический, психометрический, биохимический и статистический методы. До начала терапии проводили психометрические оценки с использованием шкалы депрессии и тревоги Гамильтона (HAMD-17, HАRS), краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса (MMSE) и осуществляли забор крови для определения активности цитохром с-оксидазы (ЦО), глутатионредуктазы (ГР), глутатион S-трансферазы (ГСТ) и глутаматдегидрогеназы (ГДГ). Результаты: у пациентов со снижением активности ферментов энергетического и антиоксидантного обмена (ЦО, ГР и ГСТ) отмечались преобладание неглубоких апатических депрессий «сезонного» характера с наличием легких когнитивных нарушений, более поздний возраст манифестации и высокая частота церебрально-сосудистой патологии. Пациенты с разнонаправленным изменением активности ферментов (повышение ЦО, снижение ГДГ и ГСТ) отличались ранним началом заболевания, большей его продолжительностью, более тяжелыми и сложными депрессиями с выраженным тревожным компонентом. У пациентов с активностью ферментов в границах возрастной нормы чаще наблюдались типичные тоскливые депрессии и отмечена наименьшая частота выраженной церебрально-сосудистой патологии. Заключение: установлена взаимосвязь клинических особенностей депрессий позднего возраста с изменениями активности ферментов энергетического, антиоксидантного и глутаматного обменов. Выявлено, что паттерны сниженной и разнонаправленной активности ферментов соответствуют клиническим параметрам поздно и рано манифестирующих депрессий. Таким образом, клиническая гетерогенность депрессий позднего возраста с разным возрастом начала заболевания тесно связана с различными биохимическими типами метаболизма.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: impaired energy metabolism, glutamate and glutathione metabolism contribute differently to the development of late-life depression. The aim was to study the clinical features of depression in groups of elderly patients identi ed by the activity of platelet enzymes of energy and glutamate metabolism and the antioxidant system of glutathione. Patients and Methods: the study included 52 hospitalized patients (40 women and 12 men) aged 60–86 years with a depressive episode of recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and a single depressive episode (DE) on ICD-10 criteria. The study used clinical, psychometric, biochemical and statistical methods. Psychometric assessments were performed before therapy using the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale (HAMD-17, HARS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). At the same day blood samples were taken to determine the activity of cytochrome c-oxidase (COX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Results: patients with decreased activity of energy and antioxidant metabolism enzymes (COX, GR, and GST) were characterized by a predominance of shallow apathetic depressions of a “seasonal” nature with mild cognitive impairment, a later age of manifestation, and a high frequency of cerebrovascular pathology. Patients with different changes in enzyme activity (increased COX, decreased GDH and GST) were characterized by an early onset of the disease, its longer duration, more severe and complex depressions with a pronounced anxiety component. Patients with enzyme activity within control values were more likely to have typical melancholy depressions and the lowest frequency of severe cerebrovascular pathology. Conclusion: a relationship was established between the clinical features of late-life depressions and changes in the activity of enzymes of energy, antioxidant, and glutamate metabolism. It was found that patterns of reduced and different enzyme activity correspond to the clinical parameters of late and early-onset depressions. Thus, clinical heterogeneity of late-life depressions is closely related to different biochemical types of metabolism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессии</kwd><kwd>поздний возраст</kwd><kwd>клинические особенности</kwd><kwd>энергетический</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантный и глутаматный метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>late age</kwd><kwd>clinical features</kwd><kwd>energy</kwd><kwd>antioxidant and glutamate metabolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horackova K, Kopecek M, Machů V, Kagstrom A, Aarsland D, Motlova LB, Cermakova P. Prevalence of late-life depression and gap in mental health service use across European regions. Eur Psychiatry. 2019;(57):19–25. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.12.002 Epub 2019 Jan 15. 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