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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-3-16-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль личностных и средовых факторов в формировании клинических вариантов униполярных депрессивных расстройств</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Personality and Environmental Factors in the Formation of Clinical Variants of Unipolar Depressive Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-4041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галяутдинова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyautdinova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айсылу Наиловна Галяутдинова, врач-психиатр</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aysylu N. Galyautdinova, PsychiatristMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aysylu.gamirova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9311-3921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бортникова</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bortnikova</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Константиновна Бортникова, ординатор, кафедра психиатрии и психосоматики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia K. Bortnikova, Resident, Psychiatry and Psychosomatics DepartmentMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ksun22055@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-6898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седелкова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedelkova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Александровна Седелкова, врач-психиатр, старший лаборант, кафедра психиатрии и наркологииМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina A. Sedelkova, Psychiatrist, Laboratory Assistant, Psychiatry and Narcology DepartmentMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Sedelkova_v_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-5445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закуражная</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakurazhnaya</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Игоревна Закуражная, младший научный сотрудник, отдел шизофрении и других первично психотических расстройствМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria I. Zakurazhnaya, Researcher, Department of schizophrenia and first attack of psychosis, Senior ResearcherMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savva9806@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8681-5299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Юрьевна Морозова, кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела, отдел исследований шизофрении и других первично психотических расстройств, старший научный сотрудник, отдел фундментальной и прикладной нейробиологииМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Yu. Morozova, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Department, Department of schizophrenia and first attack of psychosis, Senior Researcher, Department of Fundamental and Applied NeuroscienceMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hakurate77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-6316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петелин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petelin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Петелин, кандидат медицинских наук, врач-психиатр, психотерапевт, ассистент, кафедра психиатрии и психосоматикиМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Petelin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Psychiatry and Psychosomatics DepartmentMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petelinhome1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6071-2796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонова</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tihonova</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Гулямовна Тихонова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, кафедра психиатрии и наркологииМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia G. Tihonova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Psychiatry and Narcology DepartmentMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tikhonova_yu_g@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8386-758X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кинкулькина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kinkul'kina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Аркадьевна Кинкулькина, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, заведующая кафедрой, кафедра психиатрии и наркологииМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Kinkul'kina, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of Department, Psychiatry and Narcology DepartmentMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kinkulkina_m_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-5355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волель</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volel</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беатриса Альбертовна Волель, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор, ведущий научный сотрудникМосква</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beatrisa A. Volel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director, Clinical Medicine Institute, Leading ResearcherMoscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volel_b_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»;&#13;
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского» Министерства здравоохранения Россий ской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Alekseyev Psychiatric Hospital No. 1;&#13;
Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет);&#13;
ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University);&#13;
FSBSI Mental Health Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галяутдинова А.Н., Бортникова К.К., Седелкова В.А., Закуражная В.И., Морозова А.Ю., Петелин Д.С., Тихонова Ю.Г., Кинкулькина М.А., Волель Б.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галяутдинова А.Н., Бортникова К.К., Седелкова В.А., Закуражная В.И., Морозова А.Ю., Петелин Д.С., Тихонова Ю.Г., Кинкулькина М.А., Волель Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galyautdinova A.N., Bortnikova K.K., Sedelkova V.A., Zakurazhnaya V.I., Morozova A.Y., Petelin D.S., Tihonova Y.G., Kinkul'kina M.A., Volel B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1382">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1382</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: определение роли специфических средовых и личностных факторов в развитии депрессий неоднократно становилось предметом изучения, однако их значимость получала различную оценку. Цель исследования — изучить роль личностных и средовых факторов в формировании клинических типов депрессивных расстройств. Пациенты и методы: в исследование включены пациенты, проходившие лечение в клинике нервных болезней им. А.Я. Кожевникова, Клинике психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова и Психиатрической клинической больнице №1 им. А.А. Алексеева в период с мая 2021 по апрель 2024 г. Верификацию диагноза и определение типа депрессивного расстройства осуществляли в ходе клинического интервью согласно диагностическим критериям депрессий в DSM-5 (меланхолический, тревожный, атипичный тип). Выраженность де- прессивных симптомов оценивалась с помощью шкалы депрессии Гамильтона (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS). Для определения социально-демографических данных и особенностей раннего развития использовали данные анкетирования, которые дополняли данными психометрических методик. Анализ личностных характеристик пациентов проводили с применением Структурированного опросника личности (SCID-II, Personality Disorder Traits, SCID-II-PD). Результаты: Выборку из 120 пациентов (n = 120) разделили на три группы по типу депрессии: меланхолический (n = 40; 33%), тревожный (n = 44; 37%) и атипичный (n = 36; 30%). В группе пациентов с меланхолической депрессией чаще отмечены личностные акцентуации кластера А (шизоидный, шизотипический; n = 17; 43%) и С (избегающий, зависимый; n = 18; 45%), среди пациентов с тревожной депрессией — акцентуация кластера С (избегающий; n = 29; 66%), у пациентов с атипичной депрессией — акцентуация кластера B (гистрионный; n = 29; 81%). Установлена взаимосвязь между типом депрессии и показателями рейтинговой шкалы социальной адаптации Холмса–Рея (SRRS), (χ2 = 7,981, p = 0,018), количеством браков (χ2 = 7,530, p = 0,023), возрастом пациента, когда его семья стала неполной (χ2 = 8,193, p = 0,017), и числом собственных детей (χ2 = 4,818, p = 0,09). Выводы: личностные и средовые факторы играют значимую роль в формировании подтипов униполярной депрессии. Выявленные акцентуации личностных черт определяют особенности эмоциональных и поведенческих реакций пациентов при разных типах депрессии. Семейные факторы, такие как одинокое проживание, наличие детей и др., могут служить индикаторами при разработке наиболее эффективных стратегий терапевтического вмешательства и персонализированной поддержки пациентов с депрессивным расстройством.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: disclosure of specific environmental and personality factors of depression development was an object of many studies, but without consensus on their importance. The aim was to study the role of personality and environmental factors in the formation of subtypes of depressive disorders. Patients and Methods: the study made up in-patients treated from May 2021 to April 2024. Diagnostic verification and typology of depressive disorders were performed according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria (melancholic, anxious, atypical type). The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Questionnaire data were used to determine socio-demographic data and features of early development. The SCID-II Personality Disorder Traits Structured Personality Questionnaire (SCID-II-PD) was used to analyse the personality characteristics of the patients. Results: a total of 120 patients (n = 120) were divided into three groups by type of depression: melancholic (n = 40; 33%), anxious (n = 44; 37%), and atypical (n = 36; 30%). In patients with melancholic depression, accentuations of cluster A (schizoid, schizotypal; n = 17; 43%) and C (avoidant, dependent; n = 18; 45%) more often prevailed, with anxious depression — accentuations of cluster C (avoidant; n = 29; 66%), with atypical depression — accentuations of cluster B (histrionic; n = 29; 81%). There was a correlation between type of depression and scores on the Holmes- Rahe Stress Scale (Social Readjustment Rating Scale, SRRS), (χ2 = 7.981, p = 0.018), number of marriages (χ2 = 7.530, p = 0.023), patient's age when their family became incomplete (χ2 = 8.193, p = 0.017), and the number of their own children (χ2 = 4.818, p = 0.09). Conclusion: the identified accentuations of personality traits highlight the specifics of patients' emotional and behavioural reactions depending on the subtype identified. Socio-demographic variables such as family structure and number of children, living alone, birth trauma and smoking have also been found to be associated with type of depressive disorder. These factors may serve as indicators for clinicians to develop more effective intervention and personalised support strategies for patients with depressive disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессивное расстройство</kwd><kwd>меланхолическая депрессия</kwd><kwd>тревожная депрессия</kwd><kwd>атипичная депрессия</kwd><kwd>средовые факторы</kwd><kwd>личностные факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depressive disorder</kwd><kwd>melancholic depression</kwd><kwd>anxious depression</kwd><kwd>atypical depression</kwd><kwd>environmental factors</kwd><kwd>personality factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петелин ДС, Волель БА. Современные подходы к диагностике и терапии монополярной депрессии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. 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