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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-4-36-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-биологическая значимость показателей нейровоспаления для прогноза течения синдрома мягкого когнитивного снижения амнестического типа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Biological Significance of Neuroinflammation Indicators to Predict the Course of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2835-5706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Валерьевна Пономарева, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Ponomareva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena-pon@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6683-0240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ивановна Гаврилова, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель группы по изучению когнитивных расстройств и деменции</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Gavrilova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Cognitive Disorders and Dementia unit</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sigavrilova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2433-8810</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Васильевна Андросова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатории нейроиммунологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lubov V. Androsova, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), leading researcher, laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">androsL@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-865X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крынский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krinsky</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Андреевич Крынский, кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Krynskiy, Cand. Sci. (Med.), researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">srgkr002@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-3503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенько</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Senko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Валентинович Сенько, доктор физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Senko, Dr. Sci. (Physics and Math.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">senkoov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-7013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Кузнецова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория математической биофизики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Kuznetsova, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Mathematical Biophysics</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azforus@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-2472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайка</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Сhaika</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Александровна Чайка, доктор медицинских наук, и.о. директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Сhaika, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Acting Head</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@ncpz.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля» Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пономарева Е.В., Гаврилова С.И., Андросова Л.В., Крынский С.А., Сенько О.В., Кузнецова А.В., Чайка Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пономарева Е.В., Гаврилова С.И., Андросова Л.В., Крынский С.А., Сенько О.В., Кузнецова А.В., Чайка Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ponomareva E.V., Gavrilova S.I., Androsova L.V., Krinsky S.A., Senko O.V., Kuznetsova A.V., Сhaika Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1419">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1419</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: нейровоспаление, протекающее как длительная латентная активация системного воспаления в центральной нервной системе (ЦНС), рассматривается в настоящее время как один из главных патогенетических механизмов прогрессирования нейродегенерации головного мозга при болезни Альцгеймера. Цель и задачи: изучить прогностическую значимость клинических и ряда иммунологических показателей, определяемых в сыворотке крови пациентов с синдромом мягкого когнитивного снижения амнестического типа (аМКС) и сформировать нейроиммунологический профиль, определяющий прогрессирование синдрома. Пациенты и методы: клинико-катамнестическим методом обследован 261 пациент с аМКС, наблюдавшийся амбулаторно в ФГБНУ НЦПЗ в период с 2014 по 2023 г. Участники исследования проходили общеклиническое обследование и оценку когнитивных функций с использованием батареи психометрических тестов и шкал (MMSE, МоСА, тест рисования часов, тесты произвольного запоминания 10 слов и 5 геометрических фигур, шкала Хачинского). У всех пациентов определяли исходный уровень цитокинов (TNFα, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) в сыворотке крови методом иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) Спектрофотометрическим методом изучены уровни энзиматической активности лейкоцитарной эластазы (ЛЭ), функциональной активности α1-протеиназного ингибитора (α1-ПИ) в крови с определением протеазно-ингибиторного индекса (ПИИ). Заключение: набор цитокинов и показатель иммунного ответа организма, разграничительные уровни TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β и ЛЭ позволяют прогнозировать различные варианты трехлетней динамики синдрома аМКС, в том числе конверсию аМКС в деменцию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: neuroinfiammation which occurs as a long-term latent activation of systemic infiammation in the central nervous system is currently considered as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms of the neurodegeneration progression in the brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of study is to research the prognostic significance of clinical and immunological parameters determined in the blood serum of patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and to form an immunological profile that determines the further dynamics of the syndrome. Patients and Methods: 261 outpatient with aMCI were followed up at the FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre” in the period from 2014 to 2023. The study participants underwent a general clinical examination and assessment of cognitive functions using a battery of psychometric tests and scales (MMSE, MoCA, CDT, tests of 10 words and 5 geometric shapes memorization, the Hachinski ischemic scale). In addition, patients underwent an initial level of cytokines study (TNFa, IL-1, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA); the levels of leukocyte elastase enzymatic activity (LE) and α1-proteinase inhibitor functional activity were determined in blood plazma by the spectrophotometric method. The protease inhibitory index was calculated. Conclusion: the cytokines set and immune response indicators have been identified. The distinguishing levels of TNFa, IL-6, IL-1b, LE predict various variants of three year course of aMCI including the conversion to dementia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром мягкого когнитивного снижения амнестического типа</kwd><kwd>деменция</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>amnestic type Mild Cognitive Impairment</kwd><kwd>dementia</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petersen RC, Lopez O, Armstrong MJ, Thomas SD, Getchius MG, Gloss D, Gronseth GS, Marson D, Pringsheim T, Day GS, Sager M, Stevens J, Rae-Grant A. 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