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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-5-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1440</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Связь структуры назначений антипсихотиков с социально-демографическими и клинико-динамическими показателями больных параноидной шизофренией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Relationship of the Structure of Antipsychotic Prescriptions with Socio-Demographic and Clinical-Dynamic Indicators in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9477-3566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушнерев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushnerev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Сергеевич Кушнерев, врач-психиатр, СПб ГКУЗ «Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 имени И.И. Скворцова-Степанова»; аспирант, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова</p><p>Санкт- Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Kushnerev, psychiatrist, St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No. 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov; postgraduate student, Psychiatry and Narcology Department, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">splitter887@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гвоздецкий</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gvozdetckii</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Николаевич Гвоздецкий, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по организационно-методической работе, СПб ГКУЗ «Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 им. И.И. Скворцова-Степанова»; ассистент, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова</p><p>Санкт- Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton N. Gvozdetckii, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief physician, St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No. 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov; Assistant, Psychiatry and Narcology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">comisora@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3582-6078</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добровольская</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrovolskaya</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Евгеньевна Добровольская, кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части, СПб ГКУЗ «Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 им. И.И. Скворцова-Степанова»; доцент, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla E. Dobrovolskaya, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief physician, St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No. 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov; Associate Professor, Psychiatry and Narcology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maxmmm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-0198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Софронов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sofronov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Генрихович Софронов, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, главный врач, СПб ГКУЗ «Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 им. И.И. Скворцова-Степанова»; заведующий кафедрой, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr G. Sofronov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief physician, St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No. 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov; Head of Department, Psychiatry and Narcology Department, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex-sofronov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России; СПб ГКУЗ «Городская психиатрическая больница № 3 им. И.И. Скворцова-Степанова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; St. Petersburg Psychiatric Hospital No 3 named after I.I. Skvortsov-Stepanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кушнерев И.С., Гвоздецкий А.Н., Добровольская А.Е., Софронов А.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кушнерев И.С., Гвоздецкий А.Н., Добровольская А.Е., Софронов А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kushnerev I.S., Gvozdetckii A.N., Dobrovolskaya A.E., Sofronov A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1440">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1440</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: по современным представлениям совершенствование клинических рекомендаций должно учитывать результаты исследований, выполненных в условиях реальной клинической практики. Для описания действующих подходов к лечению важны данные о структуре назначений и дозах антипсихотиков у больных шизофренией с различной длительностью заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: изучить взаимосвязь структуры назначений антипсихотиков с социально-демографическими и клинико-динамическими характеристиками, показателями качества жизни, социального функционирования у больных параноидной шизофренией.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: в исследование вошли находившиеся на стационарном лечении 208 больных параноидной шизофренией (сплошная выборка; средний возраст — 30,21 ± 6,84 лет, мужчины — 58,65% (n = 122)). Структуру назначения антипсихотиков анализировали по данным медицинских карт за период с 2018 по 2024 г. Для всех препаратов определяли стандартную суточную дозу согласно методике Dened daily dose (DDD; Определенная суточная доза, ВОЗ). Оценивали социально-демографические и клинико-динамические показатели, а также показатели шкалы оценки позитивных и негативных синдромов (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS), шкалы краткой оценки когнитивных функций у пациентов с шизофренией (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, BACS), шкалы личностного и социального функционирования (Personal and Social Performance scale, PSP), Опросника качества жизни ВОЗ (специальная модель для больных эндогенными психозами, ВОЗКЖ-СМ).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: всего в структуре назначений антипсихотиков было представлено 16 препаратов. В пространстве главных компонент выделено две группы пациентов. В группу 1 вошли пациенты со значительным (&gt; 60%) преобладанием в структуре назначений рисперидона и оланзапина (n = 136). В группу 2 вошли пациенты с сопоставимым преобладанием назначений галоперидола и клозапина (n = 72). В группе 1 преобладали пациенты с первым психотическим эпизодом (n = 94 (69,1%)), во второй группе — пациенты с хроническими состояниями (n = 50 (69,4%)). В группе 1 было достоверно меньшее количество госпитализаций (p &lt; 0,001), короче длительность заболевания, меньше число инвалидов (p = 0,003), достоверно больше средняя длительность амбулаторного лечения (p &lt; 0,001), более высокие показатели по субтестам BACS «вербальное научение» (p = 0,009) и «оперативная память» (p = 0,049).</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод: в реальной клинической практике рисперидон, оланзапин, а также другие антипсихотики второго поколения чаще назначают пациентам с меньшей продолжительностью заболевания и с относительно сохранными когнитивными функциями, тогда как в назначениях у хронически больных преобладают галоперидол и клозапин.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: it is well known that improving clinical guidelines should take into account the results of studies conducted in real-world clinical practice. Data of the prescription patterns and dosages of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia of varying disease duration are in the area of special interest.</p><p>The aim was to study the relationship between the prescription patterns of antipsychotics and the socio-demographic, clinical and dynamic characteristics, quality of life indicators, and social functioning of patients with paranoid schizophrenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods</title><p>Patients and Methods: the study included 208 inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia (total sample; mean age — 30.21 ± 6.84 years, males — 58.65% (n = 122)). The structure of antipsychotic prescriptions was analyzed based on medical records from 2018 to 2024. For all medications, the standard daily dose was determined using the Defined Daily Dose (WHO) methodology. Socio-demographic, clinical and dynamic characteristics were assessed, along with PANSS, BACS, PSP, and WHOQOL-BREF scale scores.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: a total of 16 antipsychotic drugs were identified in the prescription structure. Two patient groups were identified in the principal component space. Group 1 included patients with a significant (&gt; 60%) predominance of risperidone and olanzapine prescriptions (n = 136). Group 2 made up patients with a comparable predominance of haloperidol and clozapine prescriptions (n = 72). Group 1 included 94 (69.1%) patients experiencing their first psychotic episode, whereas Group 2 included 50 (69.4%) chronic patients. Group 1 had significantly lower disease duration, number of hospitalizations (p &lt; 0.001), number of disabilities (p = 0.003); significantly higher mean duration of outpatient treatment (p &lt; 0.001), higher scores on the BACS subtests “verbal learning” (p = 0.009) and “working memory” (p = 0.049).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: risperidone, olanzapine, and other second-generation antipsychotics are significantly more frequently prescribed in real-world clinical practice to patients with shorter disease duration and relatively preserved cognitive functions. In contrast, haloperidol and clozapine predominate in the prescriptions of chronic patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>антипсихотики</kwd><kwd>стационарное лечение</kwd><kwd>длительность ремиссии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd><kwd>inpatient treatment</kwd><kwd>duration of remission</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации «Шизофрения». Одобрено Научно-практическим Советом Минздрава РФ. Доступ из сайта Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. URL: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/451_3 (дата обращения: 27.03.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinicheskie rekomendacii “Shizofreniya”. Odobreno Nauchno-prakticheskim Sovetom Minzdrava RF. 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