psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2025-23-5-92-105psychiatry-1448Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSВторичные негативные симптомы при шизофрении: клинико-психопатологические особенности и подходы к дифференциальной диагностикеSecondary Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Psychopathological Characteristics and Approachs to Differential Diagnosticshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-5078МоритцА. А.MoritzA. A.

Арслан Ахмедович Моритц, младший научный сотрудник, отделение биологической терапии психически больных

Санкт-Петербург

Arslan A. Moritz, Junior Researcher, Department of Biological Therapy for the Mentally Ill

St. Petersburg

moritzar@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9020-3271РадионовД. С.RadionovD. S.

Дмитрий Сергеевич Радионов, младший научный сотрудник, отделение лечения пограничных психических расстройств и психотерапии

Санкт-Петербург

Dmitriy S. Radionov, Junior Researcher, Department for Treatment of Borderline Mental Disorders and Psychotherapy

St. Petersburg

dumradik@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4256-3835РерихД. С.RoerichD. S.

Данила Сергеевич Рерих, клинический ординатор, отделение биологической терапии психически больных

Санкт-Петербург

Danila S. Roerich, Resident, Department of Biological Therapy for the Mentally Ill

St. Petersburg

roedanila@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-2486ИвановМ. В.IvanovM. V.

Михаил Владимирович Иванов, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель отделения биологической терапии психически больных

Санкт-Петербург

Mikhail V. Ivanov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Сhief Researcher, Head of Department, Department of Biological Therapy for the Mentally Ill

St. Petersbur

profmikhailivanov@gmail.comФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева»РоссияV.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and NeurologyRussian Federation20252212202523592105Copyright © Моритц А.А., Радионов Д.С., Рерих Д.С., Иванов М.В., 20252025Моритц А.А., Радионов Д.С., Рерих Д.С., Иванов М.В.Moritz A.A., Radionov D.S., Roerich D.S., Ivanov M.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1448Обоснование

Обоснование: вторичные негативные симптомы (ВНС) при шизофрении представляют собой важную клиническую проблему, обусловленную различными факторам, такими как депрессия, позитивные симптомы, когнитивные нарушения, побочные эффекты антипсихотиков, социальные и соматические причины. Дифференциальная диагностика этих расстройств остается сложной задачей из-за значительного клинического перекрытия и отсутствия унифицированных методов оценки.

Целью обзора литературы было изучение на основании анализа научных публикаций механизмов формирования ВНС, а также описание их клинико-психопатологических и динамических характеристик.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы: в нарративный обзор включены источники, найденные в базах данных Pubmed и eLibrary. В итоговый анализ вошли 93 публикации, соответствующие теме обзора.

Заключение

Заключение: рассмотрены механизмы формирования вторичных негативных симптомов, их клинико-психопатологические и динамические особенности в зависимости от этиологии. Представлены ключевые дифференциально-диагностические критерии этих симптомов в зависимости от происхождения. Показано, что вторичные негативные симптомы могут быть обратимыми или частично обратимыми при устранении вторичных причин, что делает их важной мишенью для коррекционных мероприятий.

Background

Background: secondary negative symptoms (SNS) in schizophrenia represent a significant clinical challenge, driven by a range of factors including depression, positive symptoms, cognitive impairments, side effects of antipsychotics, as well as social and somatic causes. Their differential diagnosis remains a complex task due to substantial clinical overlap and the lack of standardized assessment methods.

The aim of review was to explore, based on an analysis of scientific publications, the mechanisms underlying the development of SNS, as well as to describe their clinical, psychopathological, and dynamic characteristics.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: the narrative review involved searching for and analyzing sources from databases PubMed and e-Library. A total of 93 publications relevant to the topic were included in the final analysis.

Conclusion

Conclusion: the mechanisms behind the formation of secondary negative symptoms, as well as their clinical, psychopathological, and dynamic features depending on etiology are shown. Key differential diagnostic criteria for SNS are presented according to their origin. Based on the findings of this review, it appears that SNS can be reversible or partially reversible following the removal of secondary causes, thereby making them an important target for targeted intervention strategies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.