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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-1-86-100</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Становление и развитие концепции дистимии в детской психиатрии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Formation and Development of the Concept of Dysthymia in Child Psychiatry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-3453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашковский</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkovskiy</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Эдуардович Пашковский, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir E. Pashkovskiy, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Docent, Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Medical Institute</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pashvladimir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE «St. Petersburg State University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пашковский В.Э., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пашковский В.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pashkovskiy V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1514">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1514</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: дистимия, также известная как персистирующее депрессивное расстройство (Persistent Depressive Disorder по DSM-5), представляет собой хроническую форму депрессии с менее выраженной, чем при большой депрессии, но стойкой симптоматикой. У детей и подростков дистимия часто протекает скрытно, маскируясь под черты характера, поведенческие особенности или соматические жалобы, что затрудняет своевременную диагностику и лечение. Цель обзора: систематизация имеющихся в научных публикациях данных о дистимии у детей и подростков, включая эпидемиологические характеристики, диагностические критерии, клинические проявления, коморбидные состояния, а также современные подходы к лечению. Материал и методы: поиск источников производился по базам данных Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine и Google Scholar с использованием ключевых слов: «дистимия»; «большое депрессивное расстройство»; «дети и подростки», «персистирующее депрессивное расстройство», «коморбидность». В отбор включались статьи, опубликованные на русском и английском языках с 1984 по 2025 г. Просмотрено 464, отобрано 232 и проанализировано 72 источника. Обсуждение: установлено, что по данным эпидемиологических исследований дистимия (или персистирующее депрессивное расстройство) на протяжении последних десятилетий демонстрирует устойчивые показатели распространенности в различных возрастных и демографических группах. Этиопатогенез дистимии в подростковом возрасте отличается сложностью и мультифакторностью. Авторы опубликованных работ обсуждают как биологические (генетические, нейрохимические, нейроэндокринные и иммунологические), так и психогенные факторы в генезе дистимии. Современные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что дистимия не является исключительно вариантом большой депрессии, а представляет собой самостоятельную форму аффективной патологии с особым патогенетическим профилем. Исследователи единодушно признают, что атипия депрессивных проявлений в детском и подростковом возрасте затрудняет дифференциальную диагностику между большой депрессией и дистимией. В структуре как большой депрессии, так и дистимии в качестве основных описаны такие нарушения, как сниженное настроение, потеря интереса к учебе, к повседневной жизни, проявления агрессии, аутоагрессии, суицидальные мысли, низкая мотивация к обучению. Авторы признают, что лечение дистимии недостаточно разработано. Многие пациенты не реагируют на лечение или продолжают обнаруживать остаточные симптомы после лечения. Заключение: проблематика дистимии в детско-подростковом возрасте представляет особую значимость как с клинической, так и с социальной точки зрения. Вопросы нозологии, систематики, диагностики и прогноза хронических депрессивных расстройств у детей и подростков по-прежнему остаются дискуссионными. Дистимия, несмотря на умеренную выраженность аффективной симптоматики, характеризуется продолжительным, изнуряющим течением, влияющим на эмоциональное развитие, когнитивные функции, школьную адаптацию и формирование личности в целом. Важными направлениями будущих исследований станут изучение различных путей развития дистимии и поиск лечения для конкретных этиопатогенетических подгрупп.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: dysthymia, also known as Persistent Depressive Disorder (as defined in DSM-5), is a chronic form of depression characterized by less severe but enduring symptoms compared to major depressive disorder., Dysthymia often presents covertly in children and adolescents, masked as personality traits, behavioral peculiarities, or somatic complaints, which complicates timely diagnosis and treatment. The aim of review was to synthesize current evidence on dysthymia in children and adolescents, including its epidemiological profile, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and contemporary treatment approaches. Material and Methods: a literature data search was conducted using databases such as Elibrary.ru, PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, MedLine, and Google Scholar, employing keywords including “dysthymia”, “major depressive disorder”, “children and adolescents”, “persistent depressive disorder”, and “comorbidity”. Articles published in Russian and English from 1984 to 2025 were included. A total of 464 sources were screened, 232 selected, and 72 analyzed in detail. Discussion: epidemiological studies show that dysthymia (or persistent depressive disorder) has maintained stable prevalence rates across various age and demographic groups over the past decades. The etiopathogenesis of adolescent dysthymia is complex and multifactorial, involving both biological (including genetic, neurochemical, neuroendocrine, and immunological) and psychogenic factors. Recent research indicates that dysthymia is not merely a subtype of major depression but represents an independent form of affective pathology with a distinct pathogenetic profile. The atypical presentation of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents complicates differential diagnosis between major depression and dysthymia. In both major depression and dysthymia, the following affective disturbances have been identified: low mood, loss of interest in school and daily activities, expressions of aggression and selfaggression, suicidal thoughts, and low academic motivation. Dysthymia is often inadequately treated; many patients do not respond to therapy or continue to experience residual symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: the issue of dysthymia in childhood and adolescence is of particular importance from both clinical and social perspectives. The questions of nosology, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis of chronic depressive disorders in this population remain the subject of ongoing debate. Despite its moderate affective symptomatology, dysthymia is characterized by a prolonged, debilitating course that impacts emotional development, cognitive functioning, school adaptation, and overall personality formation. An important direction for future research is the identification of different developmental pathways of dysthymia and the selection of treatment strategies tailored to specific etiopathogenetic subgroups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистимия</kwd><kwd>персистирующее депрессивное расстройство</kwd><kwd>коморбидность дистимии</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>лечение дистимии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dysthymia</kwd><kwd>persistent depressive disorder</kwd><kwd>comorbidity of dysthymia</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>dysthymia treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). 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