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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-1-129-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TO HELP A PRACTICAL DOCTOR</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лечебное питание пожилых людей при психических болезнях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Therapeutic Nutrition for the Elderly with Mental Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-931X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барановский</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranovski</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Юрьевич Барановский, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель научно-клинического и образовательного центра гастроэнтерологии и диетологии, Медицинский институт</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Baranovski, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Research Clinical and Educational Center of Gastroenterology and Dietology, Medical Institute</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baranovsky46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Барановский А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Барановский А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranovski A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1517">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1517</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: лечебное питание является одним из важных компонентов комплексного лечения психиатрических больных, индивидуализация которого у лиц старших возрастов требует особых знаний геронтодиетологии. Научно обоснованные представления об особенностях питания при психических расстройствах у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста разработаны недостаточно. Цель: обосновать необходимость дифференцированного подхода к лечебному питанию в гериатрической психиатрии. Обсуждение: обобщение патогенетических концепций геронтопсихиатрических заболеваний в аспекте нутрициологии позднего возраста имеет научную и практическую значимость. Дегенеративный (инволюционный) и сосудистый генез, а также сочетанный (сосудисто-дегенеративный) патогенез формируют различные по тяжести и скорости прогрессирования органические поражения головного мозга. Именно поэтому особенности течения психических заболеваний влияют на многие метаболические процессы в организме лиц старших возрастов. Исследования показали, что у 25–90% пациентов старших возрастов, госпитализируемых в психиатрические стационары, отмечается развитие мышечной гипотрофии, около 50% страдают белково-энергетической недостаточностью, гиповитаминозами, чаще всего по причине недоедания. Лечебное питание психиатрических больных как в государственных, так и в частных медицинских учреждениях России обеспечивается согласно приказам Минздрава с использованием унифицированной номенклатуры диет (система стандартных диет). Непосредственная задача ухода за пожилыми пациентами состоит в том, чтобы осуществить подбор пищевого рациона, компенсирующего своим питательным составом метаболические дефициты и инволюционные обменные нарушения в позднем возрасте, а также пищевые расстройства, связанные с влиянием психотропной фармакотерапии. Заключение: составление видов рациона при разной патологии и в каждом конкретном клиническом случае зависит от особенностей течения заболевания, его стадии и патогенеза, состояния метаболических процессов организма и пищевых расстройства, связанных с влиянием психотропной фармакотерапии. Методология разработки дифференцированной диеты при разной психической патологии позднего возраста требует дальнейшего рассмотрения в соотнесении с достижениями геронтологии и геронтопсихиатрии в понимании этиопатогенеза, проблем коморбидности и лекарственного взаимодействия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: therapeutic nutrition is an important component of the complex treatment of psychiatric patients, the individualization of which in the elderly requires special knowledge of gerontodietology. Scientifically based ideas about the nutrition specificities in mental disorders in elderly and senile people have not been sufficiently developed. The aim was to substantiate the need for differentiated approach to therapeutic nutrition in geriatric psychiatry. Discussion: generalization of gerontopsychiatric diseases pathogenetic concepts in the aspect of nutrition of old age people has scientific and practical significance. Degenerative (involutional) and vascular geneses, as well as combined (vascular-degenerative) pathogenesis, form organic brain lesions of varying severity and rate of progression. This is why the specificities of the course of mental disorders affect many metabolic processes in the body of the elderly. Studies have shown that 25–90% of elderly patients hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals experience the development of muscle wasting, about 50% suffer from protein-energy deficiency, hypovitaminosis, most often due to malnutrition. Therapeutic nutrition of psychiatric patients in both state and private medical institutions in Russia is provided in accordance with orders of the Ministry of Health using a unified nomenclature of diets (system of standard diets) to select a diet that compensates for metabolic deficiencies and involutional metabolic disorders, as well as eating disorders, associated with the influence of psychotropic pharmacotherapy, with its nutritional composition, Conclusion: the composition of diet types for different pathologies and in each specific clinical case depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, its stage and pathogenesis, the state of the body's metabolic processes and eating disorders, associated with the influence of psychopharmacotherapy. The methodology for modifying differentiated diet needs considering last advances in understanding the problems of gerontology, geriatric psychiatry, comorbidity and pharmacological interactions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геронтодиетология</kwd><kwd>геронтопсихиатрия</kwd><kwd>лечебное питание пожилых</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gerontodietology</kwd><kwd>gerontopsychiatry</kwd><kwd>therapeutic nutrition for the elderly</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диетология. Под ред. А.Ю. Барановского. 5-е изд. СПб.: Питер, 2017:1104. ил. ISBN 978-5-496-02276-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietologiya. Pod red. A.Yu. Baranovskogo. 5-e izd. SPb.: Piter, 2017:1104. (In Russ.). 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