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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-2-6-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пол-специфичные  ассоциации  между  аллельными вариантами rs371194629 гена HLA-G, когнитивными нарушениями, аутистическими чертами и социальным функционированием при шизофрении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sex-specific Relationships between the rs371194629 Polymorphism of the HLA-G Gene, Cognitive Impairments, Autistic Traits, and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0155-8412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алфимова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alfimova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Валентиновна Алфимова, доктор психологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической генетики, Институт биологической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita V. Alfimova, Dr. Sci. (Psychol.), Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biological Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.alfimova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7653-4242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровайцева</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovaitseva</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Ивановна Коровайцева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической генетики, Институт биологической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina I. Korovaitseva, Cand. Sci. (Biol), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biological Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korovaitseva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1209-1443</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каледа</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaleda</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Глебович Каледа, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделом юношеской психиатрии, заместитель директора Центра по научно-организационной деятельности</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily G. Kaleda, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Youth Psychiatry, Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Activities</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaleda-vg@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7114</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голимбет</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golimbet</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Евгеньевна Голимбет, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующая лабораторией клинической генетики, Институт биологической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera E. Golimbet, Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biological Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golimbet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI Mental Health Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алфимова М.В., Коровайцева Г.И., Каледа В.Г., Голимбет В.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алфимова М.В., Коровайцева Г.И., Каледа В.Г., Голимбет В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alfimova M.V., Korovaitseva G.I., Kaleda V.G., Golimbet V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1553">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1553</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: изменение экспрессии гена HLA-G, кодирующего лейкоцитарный антиген человека G, рассматривается в качестве фактора нарушения эмбрионального развития, в том числе развития мозга, что, в свою очередь, может увеличивать риск шизофрении. Ранее обнаружена связь полиморфного локуса rs371194629 (14-bp INDEL) гена HLA-G с риском шизофрении и социальным функционированием пациентов. В данной работе продолжено изучение ассоциации полиморфизма rs371194629 и ключевых синдромов шизофрении, предположительно отражающих нарушения нейроразвития.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: оценка ассоциации когнитивного функционирования и аутистических черт с генотипом в локусе rs371194629 и роли этих фенотипов как посредников связи rs371194629 с социальным функционированием у больных шизофренией.</p><p>Пациенты, группа сравнения и методы: в выборку включили 555 пациентов с психотическими расстройствами спектра шизофрении и 261 здорового испытуемого, прошедших когнитивное тестирование. Для пациентов, кроме того, вычисляли показатель выраженности аутистических черт PAUSS. С помощью ковариационного анализа и моделирования структурными уравнениями оценивали связь когнитивного функционирования и аутистических черт с генотипом в сайте rs371194629 и потенциальную роль этих синдромов как посредников между генотипом и социальным функционированием пациентов, измеренным с помощью Personal and Social Performance Scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: анализ выявил номинально значимую ассоциацию генотипа DelDel со снижением когнитивного функционирования у мужчин, страдающих шизофренией (p = 0,022). Полиморфизм rs371194629 не был связан с выраженностью аутистических черт больных. Когнитивный дефицит и аутистические черты не были посредниками влияния rs371194629 на социальное функционирование.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: результаты указывают на вклад полиморфизма гена HLA-G в выраженность когнитивных нарушений при шизофрении и согласуются с данными предыдущих исследований, выявивших зависимость ассоциаций rs371194629 с проявлениями шизофрении от пола и связь генотипа DelDel с менее благоприятным течением шизофрении в русской популяции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: the expression alteration of the HLA-G gene encoding the human leukocyte antigen G presumably impairs embryonic development and thus increases schizophrenia risk. Prior studies found the associations of the HLA-G rs371194629 (14bp INDEL) polymorphism with the disease risk and social functioning of patients. This work continued to explore the contribution of the rs371194629 polymorphism to key schizophrenia syndromes, presumably reflecting neurodevelopmental disorders.</p><p>The aim was to assess the association of cognitive deficits and autistic traits with the rs371194629 polymorphism and the role of these phenotypes as mediators of the relationship between rs371194629 and social functioning in schizophrenia patients.</p><p>Patients, Participants and Methods: the sample included 555 psychotic patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 261 healthy subjects who underwent cognitive testing. In addition, the PAUSS as measure of autism trait severity was calculated for patients. Covariance analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to assess the association of cognition and autistic traits with rs371194629 and the potential role of these syndromes as mediators between genotype and social functioning measured with the Personal and Social Performance Scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the analysis revealed a nominally significant association of the DelDel genotype with reduced cognitive functioning in schizophrenia male patients (p = 0,022). The rs371194629 polymorphism was not associated with the severity of autistic traits. The cognitive deficits and autistic traits were not mediators of the rs371194629 effects on social functioning.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the results suggest the contribution of the HLA-G gene polymorphism to the severity of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and are consistent with prior data that revealed the sex-dependent association of rs371194629 with schizophrenia and the relationship of the DelDel genotype with a less favorable disease course in the Russian population. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>когнитивный дефицит</kwd><kwd>аутистические черты</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>лейкоцитарный антиген человека G</kwd><kwd>социальное функционирование</kwd><kwd>медиаторный анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>cognitive deficit</kwd><kwd>autistic traits</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>human leukocyte antigen G</kwd><kwd>social functioning</kwd><kwd>mediation analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carril Pardo C, Oyarce Merino K, Vera-Montecinos A. 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