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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-2-15-27</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменения ферментативной активности антиоксидантного, энергетического и глутаматного обмена как предикторы эффективности и переносимости терапии депрессий позднего возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the enzymatic activity of antioxidant, energy and glutamate metabolism as predictors of the effectiveness and tolerability of therapy for late-life depression</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2653-0427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлева</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovleva</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Борисовна Яковлева, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, группа психозов позднего возраста, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga B. Yakovleva, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Late Life Psychosis Group, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yakob2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-1622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафарова</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safarova</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Петровна Сафарова, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель группы психозов позднего возраста, отдел гериатрической психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana P. Safarova, Dr Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Late Life Psychosis Group, Department of Geriatric Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saftatiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-6606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Константиновна Савушкина, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории нейрохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga K. Savushkina, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Neurochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">3800@1090393.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI Mental Health Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковлева О.Б., Сафарова Т.П., Савушкина О.К., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковлева О.Б., Сафарова Т.П., Савушкина О.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovleva O.B., Safarova T.P., Savushkina O.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1554">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1554</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: метаболические изменения, участвующие в патогенезе депрессий позднего возраста, связаны не только с клинической гетерогенностью депрессий, но и с ответом на антидепрессивную терапию и ее переносимостью.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучение возможности использования моделей ферментативной активности энергетического, антиоксидантного и глутаматного обмена в качестве дополнительных биохимических предикторов эффективности и переносимости терапии депрессий позднего возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: клиническим, психометрическим и биохимическими методами обследованы 50 госпитализированных больных в возрасте 60 лет и старше с депрессивным эпизодом в рамках различных диагностических категорий по МКБ-10 (F33.0–F33.3; F31.3–F31.4; F32.0–F32.2). Все пациенты получали 28-дневную антидепрессивную терапию. Сравнивали эффективность и переносимость терапии у больных со «сниженным» антиоксидантным и энергетическим метаболизмом (44,2% случаев), с «разнонаправленной» ферментативной активностью со сниженным антиоксидантным и одновременно повышенным энергетическим и глутаматным обменом (21,2%) и с «нормальным» метаболизмом (34,6%). Показателями эффективности были: доля респондеров (50% снижение исходной оценки шкалы депрессии Гамильтона HAMD-17), изменение средней суммарной оценки шкалы HAMD-17 и количество случаев полного выхода из депрессии (≤ 7 баллов по HAMD-17). Переносимость терапии оценивали по количеству, типу и тяжести побочных эффектов. Статистический анализ проводили с использованием U-критерия Манна–Уитни и коэффициента χ2.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: все пациенты с «нормальной» ферментативной активностью были респондерами с низкой частотой нежелательных эффектов терапии (25% случаев). У пациентов со «сниженным» метаболизмом отмечена высокая частота острых побочных эффектов (73,9%, p &lt; 0,01), среди больных с «разнонаправленным» метаболизмом преобладали случаи с низким показателем ответа на терапию (63,6%, p &lt; 0,01). Пациентам двух последних групп показана дополнительная терапия антиоксидантами и нейрометаболическими препаратами стимулирующего или сбалансированного действия. Пациентам с «разнонаправленным» метаболизмом также рекомендованы ГАМК-эргические препараты или «быстрые» антидепрессанты глутаматергического действия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: модели ферментативной активности антиоксидантного, энергетического и глутаматного обмена могут стать, наряду с клиническими характеристиками, дополнительными предикторами эффективности и переносимости антидепрессивной терапии. Определение показателей ферментативной активности может быть основой персонифицированных показаний к назначению разных типов адъювантной нейрометаболической терапии у пациентов пожилого возраста с депрессивными расстройствами.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: metabolic changes involved in the pathogenesis of late-life depression are associated not only with clinical heterogeneity of depressions, but also with responses to antidepressant therapy and its tolerability.</p><p>The Aim was to study of the possibility of using models of enzymatic activity of energy, antioxidant and glutamate metabolism in late-life depression as additional biochemical predictors of the effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressant therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and Methods</title><p>Patients and Methods: 50 hospitalized patients aged ≥ 60 years with a depressive episode of different diagnostic categories according to ICD-10 (F33.0–F33.3; F31.3–F31.4; F32.0–F32.2) who received 28-day antidepressant therapy were examined using clinical, psychometric and biochemical methods. The effectiveness and tolerability of therapy were compared in patients with “reduced” antioxidant and energy metabolism (44.2% of cases), with “multidirectional” enzymatic activity with reduced antioxidant, increased energy and glutamate metabolism (21.2%), and with “normal” metabolism (34.6%). The efficacy criteria were: response rate (50% reduction in baseline HAMD-17 score), change in mean HAMD-17 total score, and complete remission rate (≤ 7 points on HAMD17). Tolerability was assessed by the number, types and severity of side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the χ2 coefficient.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: all patients with “normal” enzymatic activity were responders with a low incidence of side effects (25% of cases). Patients with “reduced” metabolism had a high frequency of acute side effects (73.9%, p &lt; 0.01), while patients with “multidirectional” metabolism had a low degree of response to therapy (63.6%, p &lt; 0.01). Patients in the last two groups are recommended additional therapy with antioxidants and neurometabolic drugs with stimulating or balancing action. Patients with “multidirectional” metabolism are also indicated for GABA-ergic drugs or “fast” glutamatergic antidepressants.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: models of enzymatic activity of antioxidant, energy and glutamate metabolism may, along with clinical characteristics, be additional predictors of the effectiveness and tolerability of antidepressant therapy. Their definition can be the basis for personalized indications for the administration of different types of adjuvants neurometabolic therapy inelderly depressive patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессии</kwd><kwd>поздний возраст</kwd><kwd>эффективность и переносимость антидепрессантов</kwd><kwd>энергетический</kwd><kwd>антиоксидантный и глутаматный метаболизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>late age</kwd><kwd>efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants</kwd><kwd>energy</kwd><kwd>antioxidant and glutamate metabolism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu T, Zhao X, Wu M, Li Z, Luo L, Yang C, Yang F. Prevalence of depression in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 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