<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-4-40-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1643</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейростероидные и нейровоспалительные маркеры терапевтической динамики униполярной депрессии у женщин репродуктивного возраста</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurosteroid and Neuroinflammatory Markers of Therapeutic Dynamics in Unipolar Depression in Women of Reproductive Age</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0061-1798</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Семин, врач-психиатр, психотерапевтическое отделение</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Semin, Psychiatrist, Psychotherapy unit</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">semockin171@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-0547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахапкин</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhapkin</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Витальевич Ахапкин, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Akhapkin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Director for Research</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">4ahapkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-1867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Викторович Кудряшов, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, кафедра фармакологии, ИБиМСС</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Kudryashov, PhD in Biology, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kunvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петелин</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petelin</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Петелин, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра психиатрии, психотерапии и психосоматики, ИКМ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry S. Petelin, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-8241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сорокина</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sorokina</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Юрьевна Сорокина, кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая, психотерапевтическое отделение</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Sorokina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head of Psychotherapy unit</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msolgasorokina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0061-0484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коновалов</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konovalov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Игоревич Коновалов, ординатор, кафедра психиатрии, психотерапии и психосоматики, ИКМ</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy I. Konovalov, Resident, Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ei.konovalov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1667-5355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волель</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volel</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беатриса Альбертовна Волель, доктор медицинских наук, директор, Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, и.о. заведующего кафедрой психиатрии, психотерапии и психосоматики, ИКМ; ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел по изучению пограничной психической патологии и психосоматических расстройств</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beatrice A. Volel, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Director, Clinical Medicine Institute; Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volel_b_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и наркологии имени В.П. Сербского» Минздрава России, Московский научно-исследовательский институт психиатрии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет); ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); FSBSI “Russian Mental Health Research Center”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семин С.А., Ахапкин Р.В., Кудряшов Н.В., Петелин Д.С., Сорокина О.Ю., Коновалов Е.И., Волель Б.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семин С.А., Ахапкин Р.В., Кудряшов Н.В., Петелин Д.С., Сорокина О.Ю., Коновалов Е.И., Волель Б.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semin S.A., Akhapkin R.V., Kudryashov N.V., Petelin D.S., Sorokina O.Y., Konovalov E.I., Volel B.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1643">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1643</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: по данным исследований хронический стресс может вызывать нарушение адаптивного механизма, заключающегося в отрицательной регуляции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой (ГГН) оси со стороны эндогенных нейростероидов, тем самым способствуя развитию связанных со стрессом аффективных расстройств. Однако динамика нейростероидного статуса в процессе лечения изучена недостаточно. Цель работы: оценка взаимосвязи между динамикой клинического состояния пациенток с униполярной депрессией и изменением их нейрогормонального статуса. Пациенты и методы: в исследование вошли 42 пациентки (средний возраст 33,5 ± 2,1 года) с униполярной депрессией, 39 (93%) из них завершили исследование. Диагноз депрессивного эпизода в рамках рекуррентного депрессивного расстройства установлен у 17 пациенток (43,6%), единичного депрессивного эпизода — у 10 (25,6%), дистимии — у 12 (32,4%). Состояние пациенток оценивали перед началом терапии в стационаре и спустя 3 месяца, используя батарею психометрических тестов (MADRS, HAM-A, Оценочная шкала стресса Холмса-Рея) и результаты лабораторных исследований (прогестерон, кортизол, общий холестерин и С-реактивный белок в крови). Результаты: к 12-й неделе исследования средний суммарный балл MADRS снизился с 22,82 ± 1,2 до 9,13 ± 1,4 (p &lt; 0,001). Выраженность тревоги по шкале HAM-A уменьшилась с 17,91 ± 0,792 до среднего в популяции уровня (p &lt; 0,001). Терапевтический ответ был достигнут у 30 (76,9%) пациенток. Полная ремиссия зарегистрирована в 19 (48,7%) наблюдениях. Из лабораторных показателей значимо снизился уровень кортизола с 409 нмоль/л до 273 нмоль/л (p = 0,005), уменьшилось соотношение кортизола к прогестерону с 48,5 до 16,06 (p = 0,006). Изменения показателей прогестерона с 8,50 нмоль/л до 17,51 нмоль/л (p = 0,118), общего холестерина (p = 0,801), СРБ (p = 0,945) не достигли статистической значимости. Уровень кортизола оказался значительно ниже у респондеров (242,5 ± 38,9), чем у нон-респондеров (315,2 ± 43,2), (Exp(B) = 0,413, p = 0,008). Уровень прогестерона был выше у респондеров (19,8 ± 2,3), чем у нон-респондеров (15,6 ± 3,3), (Exp(B) = 1,314, p = 0,044). Отличия в уровне общего холестерина между группами респондеров и нон-респондеров (Exp(B) = 0,618, p = 0,036) могут считаться достоверными предикторами терапевтического ответа. Различия в содержании СРБ у респондеров и нон-респондеров оказались статистически не значимы. Высокие показатели шкалы Холмса–Рея (260,86 ± 12) не коррелировали с данными других психометрических и лабораторных параметров. Выводы: периферические маркеры нейровоспаления, активности системы эндогенных нейростероидов и ГГН оси обнаруживают статистически значимые изменения при терапии униполярных депрессий у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Перспективным направлением может стать оценка терапевтической эффективности препаратов-аналогов нейростероидов в лечении депрессии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Chronic stress can disrupt the adaptive mechanism consisting of negative regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by endogenous neurosteroids, thereby contributing to the development of stress-related affective disorders. However, the dynamics of neurosteroid status during treatment has not been sufficiently studied. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between the therapeutic dynamics of patients with unipolar depression and changes in their neurohormonal status. Patients and Methods: the study included 42 females of reproductive age with unipolar depression (39; 93% completed the study). Average age of patients was 33.5 ± 2.1 years. A diagnosis of depressive episode within recurrent depressive disorder was established in 17 patients (43.6%), a single depressive episode in 10 (25.6%), and dysthymia in 12 (32.4%). The patients' condition was assessed before the start of therapy in the hospital and three months later using a battery of psychometric tests (MADRS, HAM-A, Holmes-Ray Stress Rating Scale) and laboratory tests (progesterone, cortisol, total cholesterol, and C-reactive protein in blood). Results: the average total MADRS score decreased from 22.82 ± 1.2 at the beginning to 9.13 ± 1.4 (p &lt; 0.001) at the end point. The severity of anxiety according to the HAM-A scale decreased from 17.91 ± 0.792 to a level comparable to the population level — 6.13 ± 0.766 (p &lt; 0.001). 30 patients (76.9%) achieved a response. Complete remission was registered in 19 (48.7%) after treatment. Concerning the laboratory data, the cortisol level changed signi cantly -— from 409 nmol/l to 273 nmol/l (p = 0.005), the cortisol to progesterone ratio decreased from 48.5 to 16.06 (p = 0.006). Changes in progesterone indicators from 8.50 nmol/l to 17.51 nmol/l (p = 0.118), total cholesterol (p = 0.801), CRP (p = 0.945) did not reach statistical signi cance. Cortisol levels were significantly lower in responders (242.5 ± 38.9) than in non-responders (315.2 ± 43.2), (Exp(B) = 0.413, p = 0.008). Progesterone levels were higher in responders (19.8 ± 2.3) than in non-responders (15.6 ± 3.3), (Exp(B) = 1.314, p = 0.044). Differences in total cholesterol levels between the responder and nonresponder groups (Exp(B) = 0.618, p = 0.036) are significant predictors of therapeutic response. Differences in CRP levels between responders and non-responders were not statistically signifi cant. High Holmes-Rey Depression Inventory scores (260.86 ± 12) did not associate with other psychometric and laboratory parameters. Conclusions: peripheral markers of neuroin ammation, endogenous neurosteroid system activity, and the HPA axis demonstrate signi cant changes during treatment of unipolar depression in women of reproductive age. Evaluating the ef cacy of neurosteroid analogs in antidepressive therapy is a promising direction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>нейростероиды</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd><kwd>прогестерон</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>neurosteroids</kwd><kwd>neuroinfiammation</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd><kwd>progesterone</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мосолов СН, Парфенов ВА, Амелин АВ, Медведев ВЭ, Менделевич ВД, Усов ГМ, Сиволап ЮП, Боголепова АН, Мхитарян ЭА, Петелин ДС. Депрессивные расстройства и их фармакотерапия в рутинной клинической практике. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2023;15(5):54– 64. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-5-54-64</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosolov SN, Parfenov VA, Amelin AV, Medvedev VE, Mendelevich VD, Usov GM, Sivolap YP, Bogolepova AN, Mkhitaryan EA, Petelin DS. Depressive disorders and their pharmacotherapy in routine clinical practice. Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2023;15(5):54–64. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2023-5-54-64</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазо ГЭ, Незнанов НГ Депрессивное расстройство. — Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019:112. ISBN 978-5-9704-5038-3 URL: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ISBN9785970450383.html (дата обращения 27.12.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazo GE, Neznanov NG. Depressive disorder. — Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2019:112. ISBN 978-5-9704-5038-3. URL: https://www.rosmedlib.ru/book/ ISBN9785970450383.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9:44. doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marx W, Penninx BWJH, Solmi M, Furukawa TA, Firth J, Carvalho AF, Berk M. Major depressive disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9:44. doi: 10.1038/s41572-023-00454-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire JL, Mennerick S. Neurosteroids: mechanistic considerations and clinical prospects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:73–82. doi: 10.1038/s41386-023-01626-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire JL, Mennerick S. Neurosteroids: mechanistic considerations and clinical prospects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024;49:73–82. doi: 10.1038/s41386-023-01626-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niu C, Zhang R, Zhang C, Liu C, Wu Z. Progesterone attenuates depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress via suppression of neuroinfiammation. Behav Brain Res. 2025;497:115879. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115879</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niu C, Zhang R, Zhang C, Liu C, Wu Z. Progesterone attenuates depression-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress via suppression of neuroinfiammation. Behav Brain Res. 2025;497:115879. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115879</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida FB, Pinna G, Barros HMT. The role of HPA axis and allopregnanolone on the neurobiology of major depressive disorders and PTSD. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5495. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115495</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almeida FB, Pinna G, Barros HMT. The role of HPA axis and allopregnanolone on the neurobiology of major depressive disorders and PTSD. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5495. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115495</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bairamova SP, Petelin DS, Akhapkin RV, Kudryashov NV, Sorokina OY, Semin SA, Panfilova V, Volel BA. The endogenic neurosteroid system and its role in the pathogenesis and therapy of mental disorders. Res Results Pharmacol. 2023;9(1):61–69. doi: 10.18413/rrpharmacology.9.10015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bairamova SP, Petelin DS, Akhapkin RV, Kudryashov NV, Sorokina OY, Semin SA, Panfilova V, Volel BA. The endogenic neurosteroid system and its role in the pathogenesis and therapy of mental disorders. Res Results Pharmacol. 2023;9(1):61–69. doi: 10.18413/rrpharmacology.9.10015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Cortisol as a biomarker of mental disorder severity. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):5204. doi: 10.3390/jcm10215204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Cortisol as a biomarker of mental disorder severity. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):5204. doi: 10.3390/jcm10215204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimmerman M, Chelminski I, Posternak M. A review of studies of the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale in controls: implications for the definition of remission in treatment studies of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(1):1–7. doi: 10.1097/00004850-200401000-00001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimmerman M, Chelminski I, Posternak M. A review of studies of the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale in controls: implications for the definition of remission in treatment studies of depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(1):1–7. doi: 10.1097/00004850-200401000-00001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, Malley K, Feltner D. Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19(4):223–232. doi: 10.1002/mpr.323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matza LS, Morlock R, Sexton C, Malley K, Feltner D. Identifying HAM-A cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe generalized anxiety disorder. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2010;19(4):223–232. doi: 10.1002/mpr.323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallace D, Cooper NR, Sel A, Russo R. The social readjustment rating scale: updated and modernised. PLoS One. 2023;18(12):e0295943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295943</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallace D, Cooper NR, Sel A, Russo R. The social readjustment rating scale: updated and modernised. PLoS One. 2023;18(12):e0295943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295943</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida FB, Nin MS, Barros HMT. The role of allopregnanolone in depressive-like behaviors: focus on neurotrophic proteins. Neurobiol Stress. 2020;12:100218. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100218. PMID: 32435667; PMCID: PMC7231971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almeida FB, Nin MS, Barros HMT. The role of allopregnanolone in depressive-like behaviors: focus on neurotrophic proteins. Neurobiol Stress. 2020;12:100218. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100218. PMID: 32435667; PMCID: PMC7231971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луцкая ДА, Джибладзе ТА, Петелин ДС, Сорокина ОЮ, Семин СА, Волель БА. Роль нейростероидов в развитии предменструального дисфорического расстройства. Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2023;23(3):56–63. doi: 10.17116/rosakush20232303156</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lutskaya DA, Dzhibladze TA, Petelin DS, Sorokina OYu, Semin SA, Volel BA. The role of neurosteroids in the development of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2023;23(3):56–63. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/rosakush20232303156</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петелин ДС, Байрамова СП, Ахапкин РВ, Кудряшов НВ, Сорокина ОЮ, Семин СА, Волель БА. Роль нейростероидов в патогенезе психических расстройств. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(4):31–36. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202312304131</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petelin DS, Bairamova SP, Akhapkin RV, Kudryashov NV, Sorokina OYu, Semin SA, Volel' BA. A role of neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;123(4):31–36. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro202312304131</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петелин ДС, Волель БА. Современные подходы к диагностике и терапии монополярной депрессии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(10):33–41. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202312310133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petelin DS, Volel' BA. Recent approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of monopolar depression. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 2023;123(10):33–41. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro202312310133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frye CA, Cleveland DM, Sadarangani A, Torgersen JK. Progesterone promotes anti-anxiety/depressant-like behavior and trophic actions of BDNF in the hippocampus of female nuclear progesterone receptor, but not 5α-reductase, knockout mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):1173. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frye CA, Cleveland DM, Sadarangani A, Torgersen JK. Progesterone promotes anti-anxiety/depressant-like behavior and trophic actions of BDNF in the hippocampus of female nuclear progesterone receptor, but not 5α-reductase, knockout mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(3):1173. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Correia AS, Cardoso A, Vale N. BDNF unveiled: exploring its role in major depressive disorder, serotonergic imbalance and associated stress conditions. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(8):2081. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Correia AS, Cardoso A, Vale N. BDNF unveiled: exploring its role in major depressive disorder, serotonergic imbalance and associated stress conditions. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(8):2081. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wagner CJ, Musenbichler C, Böhm L, Färber K, Fischer AI, von Nippold F, Winkelmann M, Richter-Schmidinger T, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. LDL cholesterol relates to depression, its severity, and the prospective course. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;92:405–411. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wagner CJ, Musenbichler C, Böhm L, Färber K, Fischer AI, von Nippold F, Winkelmann M, Richter-Schmidinger T, Mühle C, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. LDL cholesterol relates to depression, its severity, and the prospective course. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019;92:405–411. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Голимбет ВЕ, Волель БА, Коровайцева ГИ, Должиков АВ. Коморбидная ишемической болезни сердца депрессия: психометрическое и молекулярно-генетическое исследование. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2015;115(2):42– 47. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20151152142-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golimbet VE, Volel BA, Korovaitseva GI, Dolzhikov AV. Depression comorbid to ischemic heart disease: a psychometric and molecular-genetic study. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2015;115(2):42– 47. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20151152142-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monroe SM, Harkness KL. Life stress, the “kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychol Rev. 2005;112:417–445. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.112.2.417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monroe SM, Harkness KL. Life stress, the “kindling” hypothesis, and the recurrence of depression: considerations from a life stress perspective. Psychol Rev. 2005;112:417–445. doi: 10.1037/0033- 295X.112.2.417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
