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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2026-24-4-73-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-1647</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультраструктурные изменения микроглии и олигодендроцитов в хвостатом ядре при разных типах течения шизофрении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrastructural Changes of Microglia and Oligodendrocytes in the Caudate Nucleus in Different Types of Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6920-316X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вихрева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vikhreva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Васильевна Вихрева, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория клинической нейроморфологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Vikhreva, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volgavasil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-8154</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахманова</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmanova</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Ивановна Рахманова, инженер, лаборатория клинической нейроморфологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina I. Rakhmanova, Engineer, Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">val_ivan@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-2785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уранова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uranova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Александровна Уранова, доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией, лаборатория клинической нейроморфологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Uranova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Chief Researcher, Head of Laboratory, Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uranovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Russian Mental Health Research Center”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вихрева О.В., Рахманова В.И., Уранова Н.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вихрева О.В., Рахманова В.И., Уранова Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vikhreva O.V., Rakhmanova V.I., Uranova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1647">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/1647</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: ранее нами были выявлены взаимодействия микроглии и олигодендроцитов в префронтальной коре при непрерывнотекущей шизофрении (НТШ). Цель исследования: изучить ультраструктурные изменения микроглии и олигодендроцитов, контактирующих друг с другом, в головке хвостатого ядра в образцах аутопсийого мозга пациентов с НТШ по сравнению с контролем и приступообразно-прогредиентной шизофренией (ППШ) и выявить ассоциации между параметрами олигодендроцитов и микроглии в исследуемых группах. Материал и методы: на аутопсийном материале проведено электронно-микроскопическое морфометрическое исследование микроглии и олигодендроцитов в головке хвостатого ядра в 9 образцах при НТШ, 10 образцах при ППШ и 20 контрольных образцах без психической патологии. Групповые сравнения проводили с помощью ковариационного и корреляционного анализов. Результаты: обнаружены сниженная численная плотность микроглии в группе НТШ по сравнению с контролем и группой ППШ; сниженные объемная фракция и количество митохондрий в обеих группах и повышенное количество гранул липофусцина в микроглии в группе НТШ по сравнению с контролем. В олигодендроцитах найдены повышенное количество липофусциновых гранул в группе НТШ и сниженные объемная фракция и количество митохондрий в обеих группах по сравнению с контролем. Объемная фракция митохондрий в олигодендроцитах коррелирует положительно с количеством митохондрий в микроглии в группе НТШ и в контрольной группе. Объемная фракция липофусцина в олигодендроцитах коррелирует положительно с количеством липофусциновых гранул в микроглии в группе НТШ. В этой группе площадь ядра микроглии коррелирует положительно, а площади олигодендроцитов и их ядер коррелируют отрицательно с длительностью болезни. Заключение: в основе сниженной реактивности микроглии и олигодендроцитов в хвостатом ядре при НТШ и ППШ может быть снижение энергетического метаболизма и энергетического потенциала в микроглии и олигодендроцитах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: previously, we identi ed interactions between microglia and oligodendrocytes in the prefrontal cortex in continuous schizophrenia (CSch). Aim of study: to examine ultrastructural changes in microglia and oligodendrocytes in contact with each other within the head of the caudate nucleus using post-mortem brain samples from patients with CSch compared to controls and patients with attack-like schizophrenia (ASch) and to identify associations between oligodendrocyte and microglial parameters across the study groups. Material and Methods: An electron-microscopic morphometric study of microglia and oligodendrocytes in the head of the caudate nucleus was conducted on autopsy material comprising 9 CSch samples, 10 Asch samples and 20 control samples from individuals without psychiatric pathology. Group comparisons were made by ANCOVA and Pearson correlation analyses. Results: A reduced numerical density of microglia was observed in the CSch compared to the control and ASch; reduced mitochondrial volume fraction and number were found in both groups, while an increased number of lipofuscin granules in microglia was noted in the CSch group compared to controls. In oligodendrocytes, an increased number of lipofuscin granules was found in the CSch, and reduced mitochondrial volume fraction and number were observed in both groups compared to the control group. The mitochondrial volume fraction in oligodendrocytes correlates positively with the number of mitochondria in microglia in the CSch and control groups. The volume fraction of lipofuscin in oligodendrocytes correlates positively with the number of lipofuscin granules in microglia in CSch. In this group, microglial nuclear area correlates positively with disease duration, whereas the areas of oligodendrocytes and their nuclei correlate negatively with it. Conclusion: Reduced energy metabolism and energy potential within microglia and oligodendrocytes may underlie the diminished reactivity of these cells in the caudate nucleus in CSch and ASch.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>олигодендроциты</kwd><kwd>хвостатое ядро</kwd><kwd>непрерывнотекущая шизофрения</kwd><kwd>приступообразно-прогредиентная шизофрения</kwd><kwd>аутопсийный материал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>oligodendrocytes</kwd><kwd>caudate nucleus</kwd><kwd>continuous schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>attack-like schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>autopsy analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено за счет бюджетного финансирования, тема НИР № FURU-2024-0022.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was performed for budget financing (№ FURU-2024-0022) without sponsor support.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrier M, Dolhan K, Bobotis BC, Desjardins M, Tremblay MÈ. 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