<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2016-71-92-97</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-225</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>L-карнитин в свете психоневрологических заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баймеева</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">baymeeva_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Птицина</surname><given-names>Софья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ptitsina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мирошниченко</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">igormir@psychiatry.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>71</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баймеева Н.В., Птицина С.Н., Мирошниченко И.И., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баймеева Н.В., Птицина С.Н., Мирошниченко И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Баймеева Н.В., Птицина С.Н., Мирошниченко И.И.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/225">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/225</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование. Поиску биомаркеров психоневрологических нарушений посвящены многие научно-исследовательские работы. Эта проблема актуальна, поскольку на сегодняшний день среди биомаркеров данной сложной и гетерогенной группы заболеваний трудно назвать или выделить вещество, полностью удовлетворяющее требованиям специфичности, чувствительности, воспроизводимости, точности и малой инвазивности процедуры забора биоматериала. Результаты. В обзоре приведены систематизированные сведения, позволяющие рассматривать L-карнитин (ЛК) как один из потенциальных биомаркеров в линейке маркеров психоневрологических нарушений, а также вопрос применения ЛК и его производных в медицинской практике при психоневрологических нарушениях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Numerous research projects were devoted to psychoneurological disorder biomarkers searching. This problem is very important today because there is no any psychoneurological disease biomarker so far with an appropriate specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, accuracy andlittle invasiveness of the biomaterial take off procedure.Results. This review concerns the collated information taking a step towards considering L-carnitine as one of the potential biomarker in the line-up of psychoneurological disorder marker medications as well as using L-carnitine and its derivatives in medical practice in case of psychoneurological disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>L-карнитин (ЛК)</kwd><kwd>ацетил-L-карнитин (АЛК)</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера (БА)</kwd><kwd>болезнь Паркинсона (БП)</kwd><kwd>L-carnitine</kwd><kwd>acetyl-L-carnitine</kwd><kwd>mental depression</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer's disease</kwd><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasanu T., Mehedinti-Hвncu M., Alexianu M., Mehedinti T., Gheorghe E., Damian I. Carnitine deficiency. Rom. J. Mor- phol. Embryol. 2012;53(2):203-206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasanu T., Mehedinti-Hвncu M., Alexianu M., Mehedinti T., Gheorghe E., Damian I. Carnitine deficiency. Rom. J. Mor- phol. Embryol. 2012;53(2):203-206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bremer J. Carnitine-metabolism and functions. Physiol. Rev.1983;63:1420-1480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bremer J. Carnitine-metabolism and functions. Physiol. Rev.1983;63:1420-1480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bagetta V., Barone I., Ghiglieri V. Acetyl-l-Carnitine se- lectively prevents post-ischemic LTP via a possible ac- tion on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Neurophar- macology.2008;55(2):223-229. /dx.DOI.org/10.1016/j. neuropharm.2008.05.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagetta V., Barone I., Ghiglieri V. Acetyl-l-Carnitine se- lectively prevents post-ischemic LTP via a possible ac- tion on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Neurophar- macology.2008;55(2):223-229. /dx.DOI.org/10.1016/j. neuropharm.2008.05.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балыкова Л.А., Ивянский С.А., Солдатов Ю.О., Широкова А.А., Щекина Н.В., Урзяева А.Н. L-карнитин как сред- ство повышения адаптации и коррекции дисфункций организма подростков в ходе интенсивных физических нагрузок. Практическая медицина.2014;9(85):19-25. dx.DOI.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2015-5-53-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Балыкова Л.А., Ивянский С.А., Солдатов Ю.О., Широкова А.А., Щекина Н.В., Урзяева А.Н. L-карнитин как сред- ство повышения адаптации и коррекции дисфункций организма подростков в ходе интенсивных физических нагрузок. Практическая медицина.2014;9(85):19-25. dx.DOI.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2015-5-53-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taglialatela G., Caprioli A., Giuliani A. et al. Spatial memory and NGFlevels in aged rats: natural variability and effects of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. Exp. Gerontol. 1996,31:577-587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taglialatela G., Caprioli A., Giuliani A. et al. Spatial memory and NGFlevels in aged rats: natural variability and effects of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. Exp. Gerontol. 1996,31:577-587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Николаева Е.А., Харабадзе М.Н., Золкина И.В., Сухоруков В.С., Новиков П.В.. Недостаточность карнитина у детей с наследственными болезнями обмена веществ и митохондриальными заболеваниями: особенности патогенеза и эффективность лечения. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2013;92(3):42-49</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Николаева Е.А., Харабадзе М.Н., Золкина И.В., Сухоруков В.С., Новиков П.В.. Недостаточность карнитина у детей с наследственными болезнями обмена веществ и митохондриальными заболеваниями: особенности патогенеза и эффективность лечения. Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г.Н. Сперанского. 2013;92(3):42-49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winther B., Jackson D., Mulroy C., MacKay M. Evaluation of Serum Carnitine levels for pediatric patients receiving carnitine-free and carnitine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Hosp. Pharm. 2014;49(6):549-553. /dx.DOI. org/10.1310/hpj4906-549</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winther B., Jackson D., Mulroy C., MacKay M. Evaluation of Serum Carnitine levels for pediatric patients receiving carnitine-free and carnitine-supplemented parenteral nutrition. Hosp. Pharm. 2014;49(6):549-553. /dx.DOI. org/10.1310/hpj4906-549</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambert M.E., Shipley K., Holbrook I., Faragher E.B., Ir- vin M.H. Serum carnitine levels in normal individuals. J. parenteral and enteral nutrition.1988;12(2):143-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambert M.E., Shipley K., Holbrook I., Faragher E.B., Ir- vin M.H. Serum carnitine levels in normal individuals. J. parenteral and enteral nutrition.1988;12(2):143-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deufel T. Determination of L-carnitine in biological flu- ids and tissues. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem.1990;5(28): 307-311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deufel T. Determination of L-carnitine in biological flu- ids and tissues. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem.1990;5(28): 307-311</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opalka R., Gellerich F.N., Zierich S. Age and sex dependency of carnitine concentration in human serum and skeletal muscle. Clin. Chem. 2001; 47 (12): 2150-2153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opalka R., Gellerich F.N., Zierich S. Age and sex dependency of carnitine concentration in human serum and skeletal muscle. Clin. Chem. 2001; 47 (12): 2150-2153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marini S., Fasciglione G.F., Giardina B. Production and char- acterization of monoclonal antibodies against L-carnitine: radioimmunologic assays for L-carnitine determination. Clin. Chem. Acta. 1996; 249:93-108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marini S., Fasciglione G.F., Giardina B. Production and char- acterization of monoclonal antibodies against L-carnitine: radioimmunologic assays for L-carnitine determination. Clin. Chem. Acta. 1996; 249:93-108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magoulas P.L., El-Hattab A.W. Systemic primary carnitine deficiency: an overview of clinical manifestations, diag- nosis, and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012;18:7-68. 96 /dx.DOI.org/10.1186/1750-1172-7-68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magoulas P.L., El-Hattab A.W. Systemic primary carnitine deficiency: an overview of clinical manifestations, diag- nosis, and management. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2012;18:7-68. 96 /dx.DOI.org/10.1186/1750-1172-7-68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rasanu T., Mehedinti-Hвncu M., Alexianu M., Mehedinti T., Gheorghe E., Damian I. Carnitine deficiency. Rom. J. Mor- phol. Embryol. 2012; 53(1):203-206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rasanu T., Mehedinti-Hвncu M., Alexianu M., Mehedinti T., Gheorghe E., Damian I. Carnitine deficiency. Rom. J. Mor- phol. Embryol. 2012; 53(1):203-206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lizard G., Rouaud O., Demarquoy J., Cherkaoui-Malki M., Iuliano L. Potential roles of peroxisomes in Alzheimer's disease and in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(2): 241-254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lizard G., Rouaud O., Demarquoy J., Cherkaoui-Malki M., Iuliano L. Potential roles of peroxisomes in Alzheimer's disease and in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(2): 241-254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Querfurth H.W., La Ferla F.M. Alzheimer's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010;36(2):329-344. /dx.DOI.org/10.1056/nejm- ra0909142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Querfurth H.W., La Ferla F.M. Alzheimer's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010;36(2):329-344. /dx.DOI.org/10.1056/nejm- ra0909142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Irwin M.Y., Moos W.H., Faller D.V., Steliou K., Pinkert C.A. Epigenetic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: Alz- heimer and Parkinson diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 2016; 77(3): 109-123, DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Irwin M.Y., Moos W.H., Faller D.V., Steliou K., Pinkert C.A. Epigenetic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: Alz- heimer and Parkinson diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 2016; 77(3): 109-123, DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuturic M., Abramson R.K., Moran R., Hardin J.W., Hall A.V. Clinical correlates oflow serum carnitinelevels in hospital- ized psychiatric patients. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2011;12:73-79. /dx.DOI.org/10.3109/15622975. 2010.489619</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuturic M., Abramson R.K., Moran R., Hardin J.W., Hall A.V. Clinical correlates oflow serum carnitinelevels in hospital- ized psychiatric patients. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2011;12:73-79. /dx.DOI.org/10.3109/15622975. 2010.489619</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cristofano A., Sapere N., La Marca G., Angiolillo A., Vitale M., Corbi G., Scapagnini G., Intrieri M., Russo C., Cor- so G., Di Costanzo A. Serum Levels of Acyl-Carnitines along the Continuum from Normal to Alzheimer's Dementia. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):1-16. DOI: 10.1371</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cristofano A., Sapere N., La Marca G., Angiolillo A., Vitale M., Corbi G., Scapagnini G., Intrieri M., Russo C., Cor- so G., Di Costanzo A. Serum Levels of Acyl-Carnitines along the Continuum from Normal to Alzheimer's Dementia. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):1-16. DOI: 10.1371</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parnetti L., Gaiti A., Mecocci P., Cadini D., Senin U. Phar- macokinetics of IV and oral acetyl-L-carnitine in a multiple dose regimen in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1992;42:89-93</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parnetti L., Gaiti A., Mecocci P., Cadini D., Senin U. Phar- macokinetics of IV and oral acetyl-L-carnitine in a multiple dose regimen in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1992;42:89-93</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bodis-Wollner I., Chung E., Ghilarddi M.F., Glover A., On- ofrj M., Pasik P., Samson Y. Acetyl-levo-carnitine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in primates. J. Neural. Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect.1991;3(1):63-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bodis-Wollner I., Chung E., Ghilarddi M.F., Glover A., On- ofrj M., Pasik P., Samson Y. Acetyl-levo-carnitine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in primates. J. Neural. Transm. Park. Dis. Dement. Sect.1991;3(1):63-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zalton S.A., Abo-Ematty D.M., Shaalan A.A. Acetyl-L-carni- tine and -lipoic acid affect rotenone-induced damage in nigral dopaminergic neurons of rat brain, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2012; 100(3):347-360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zalton S.A., Abo-Ematty D.M., Shaalan A.A. Acetyl-L-carni- tine and -lipoic acid affect rotenone-induced damage in nigral dopaminergic neurons of rat brain, implication for Parkinson's disease therapy. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2012; 100(3):347-360</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdul H.M., Calabrese V., Calvani M., Butterfield D.A. Acetyl-L-carnitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloidbeta peptide 1-42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxici- ty: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 2006;84:398-408</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdul H.M., Calabrese V., Calvani M., Butterfield D.A. Acetyl-L-carnitine-induced up-regulation of heat shock proteins protects cortical neurons against amyloidbeta peptide 1-42-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxici- ty: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 2006;84:398-408</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou P., Chen Z., Zhao N., Liu D., Guo Z.Y., Tan L., Hu J., Wang Q., Wang J.Z., Zhu L.Q. Acetyl-L-carnitine attenu- ates homocysteine-induced Alzheimer-like histopatholog- ical and behavioral abnormalities. Rejuvention. Res. 2011; 14(6):669-679</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou P., Chen Z., Zhao N., Liu D., Guo Z.Y., Tan L., Hu J., Wang Q., Wang J.Z., Zhu L.Q. Acetyl-L-carnitine attenu- ates homocysteine-induced Alzheimer-like histopatholog- ical and behavioral abnormalities. Rejuvention. Res. 2011; 14(6):669-679</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekris L.M., Yu C.E., Bird T.D., Tsuang D.W. Genetics of Alz- heimer disease. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2010;23:213- 227. /dx.DOI.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7104-3_21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekris L.M., Yu C.E., Bird T.D., Tsuang D.W. Genetics of Alz- heimer disease. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 2010;23:213- 227. /dx.DOI.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7104-3_21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова С.А., Калын Я.Б., Колыхалов И.В., Рощина И.Ф. Селезнева Н.Д. Ацетил-L-карнитин (карницетин) в лечении начальных стадий болезни Альцгеймера и сосудистой деменции. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2011;111(9):16-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гаврилова С.А., Калын Я.Б., Колыхалов И.В., Рощина И.Ф. Селезнева Н.Д. Ацетил-L-карнитин (карницетин) в лечении начальных стадий болезни Альцгеймера и сосудистой деменции. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2011;111(9):16-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garzya G., Corallo D., Fiore A., Lecciso G., Petrelli G., Zotti C. Evaluation of the effects of L-acetylcarnitine on senile patients suffering from depression. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 1990;16(2):101-106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garzya G., Corallo D., Fiore A., Lecciso G., Petrelli G., Zotti C. Evaluation of the effects of L-acetylcarnitine on senile patients suffering from depression. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 1990;16(2):101-106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилова С.И., Калын Ю.В., Сафарова Т.П., Яковлева О.В., Шешенин В.С., Корнилов В.В., Шипилова Е.С. Оптимизация эффективности антидепрессантной терапии в условиях геронтопсихиатрического стационара. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2015;115(6):24-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гаврилова С.И., Калын Ю.В., Сафарова Т.П., Яковлева О.В., Шешенин В.С., Корнилов В.В., Шипилова Е.С. Оптимизация эффективности антидепрессантной терапии в условиях геронтопсихиатрического стационара. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2015;115(6):24-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kriston L., Von Wolff A., Westphal A., Hölzel L.P, Härter M. Ef- ficacy and acceptability of acute treatments for persistent depressive disorder: A network meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. 2014;31(8):621-630. /dx.DOI.org/10.1002/ da.22236</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kriston L., Von Wolff A., Westphal A., Hölzel L.P, Härter M. Ef- ficacy and acceptability of acute treatments for persistent depressive disorder: A network meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. 2014;31(8):621-630. /dx.DOI.org/10.1002/ da.22236</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuccurazzu B., Bortolotto V., Valente M.M., Ubezio F., Koverech A., Canonico P.L., Grilli M. Upregulation of mGlu2 receptors via NF-κB p65 acetylation is involved in the proneurogenic and antidepressant effects of acetyl-L- carnitine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(11):2220- 2230. /dx.DOI.org/10.1038/npp.2013.121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuccurazzu B., Bortolotto V., Valente M.M., Ubezio F., Koverech A., Canonico P.L., Grilli M. Upregulation of mGlu2 receptors via NF-κB p65 acetylation is involved in the proneurogenic and antidepressant effects of acetyl-L- carnitine. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2013;38(11):2220- 2230. /dx.DOI.org/10.1038/npp.2013.121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nirenberg A.A., Kansky С., Brennan B.P., Shelton R.C., Perlis R., Iosifescu D.V. Mitochondrial modulators for bipolar disor- der: A pathophysiologically informed paradigm for new drug development. Australian and New Zealand J. of Psychiatry. 2013;47(1):26-42. /dx.DOI.org/10.1177/0004867412449303</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nirenberg A.A., Kansky С., Brennan B.P., Shelton R.C., Perlis R., Iosifescu D.V. Mitochondrial modulators for bipolar disor- der: A pathophysiologically informed paradigm for new drug development. Australian and New Zealand J. of Psychiatry. 2013;47(1):26-42. /dx.DOI.org/10.1177/0004867412449303</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
