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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2016-72-49-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-236</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мозаичная анеуплоидия в клетках головного мозга при болезни Альцгеймера: мини-обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Юрий Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">y_yurov@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворсанова</surname><given-names>Светлана Григорьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колотий</surname><given-names>Алексей Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеленова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Иван Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ivan.iourov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»; Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт клинический педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»; Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт клинический педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»; Обособленное структурное подразделение «Научно-исследовательский институт клинический педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>72</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юров Ю.Б., Ворсанова С.Г., Колотий А.Д., Зеленова М.А., Юров И.Ю., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юров Ю.Б., Ворсанова С.Г., Колотий А.Д., Зеленова М.А., Юров И.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Юров Ю.Б., Ворсанова С.Г., Колотий А.Д., Зеленова М.А., Юров И.Ю.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/236">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/236</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: в настоящее время связь между старением мозга и болезнью Альцгеймера (БА) является предметом дискуссий. Процессы, характерные для старения клеток и тканей, были многократно ассоциированы с патогенезом данного заболевания.Цель работы: рассмотреть последние данные, касающиеся частоты соматических хромосомных мутаций (низкопроцентная мозаичная анеуплоидия), затрагивающих аутосомы и половую хромосому X в префронтальной коре и гиппокампе головного мозга при БА. Научные обзоры Результаты: показано, что уровень анеуплоидии хромосомы Х в образцах БА приблизительно в два раза выше, чем в соответствующей по возрасту и полу контрольной группе. Обращая внимание на изменения уровня мозаичной анеуплоидии хромо- сомы Х в головном мозге, мы пришли к заключению о том, что соматические мутации (т.е. приобретенная или постзиготическая мозаичная анеуплоидия) могут вызывать негативные геномные изменения (вариации генома) в нервных клетках пациентов с БА. Возможно, эти соматические вариации генома связаны с патогенезом БА, ассоциированного с поздним возрастом нейро-дегенеративного расстройства. В контексте дискуссий о возможной взаимосвязи между старением мозга и нейродегенерацией, полученные данные позволяют предположить, что мозаичная анеуплоидия хромосомы Х может вносить значительный вклад в оба вышеупомянутых процесса.Заключение: таким образом, можно сделать вывод о том, что низкопроцентная мозаичная анеуплоидия в мозге является ранее неизвестным генетическим фактором, предрасполагающим к БА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: the link between brain aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a matter of debate. However, genetic processes hallmarking cellular and tissue senescence have been repeatedly associated with pathogenesis of AD.The aim was to review recent data concerning the incidence of low-level chromosomalаl mutations (mosaic aneuploidy) involving autosomes and sex chromosome X (a recognized feature of aging cell populations) in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus of the AD brain.Results: it was demonstrated that the rate of X chromosome aneuploidy in AD brain was approximately two times higher than in age and sex-matched control. Addressing X chromosome number variation in the diseased brain, we concluded that somatically acquired (post-zygotic) mosaic aneuploidy may causes the large-scale genomic alterations in neural cells of AD and, therefore, can be intimal involved in the pathogenesis of this age-associated neurodegenerative disorder. In the context of debates about pos- sible interplay between brain aging and neurodegeneration, our findings suggest that X chromosome aneuploidy can significantly contribute to both these processes.Conclusion: to this end we conclude that low-level mosaic aneuploidy in the brain is a new non-heritable genetic factor pre- disposing to AD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>анеуплоидия</kwd><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>хромосомная нестабильность</kwd><kwd>хромосома Х</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>aneuploidy</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>chromosome instability</kwd><kwd>chromosome X</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanzi R.E. The genetics of Alzheimer disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2012;2. 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