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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лонгитюдные исследования рано дебютировавших расстройств шизофренического спектра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Longitudinal studies of early-onset disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмакова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмакова Ольга Петровна - кандидат медицинских наук.</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shmakova Olga P. - candidate of medical sciences MD.</p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-zhuravleva1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI «Mental Health Research Center»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>78</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шмакова О.П., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шмакова О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shmakova O.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/343">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/343</self-uri><abstract><p>Продолжительные по времени наблюдения больных в детской и подростковой клинической и социальной психиатрии способствуют решению проблем диагностики, лечения и реабилитации этого контингента больных.</p><sec><title>Цель обзора</title><p>Цель обзора: поданным научных публикаций представить историю и современное состояние проблемы клинико-социальных последствий детских и подростковых форм расстройств шизофренического спектра (РШС), сведения о которых получены путем длительного прослеживания пациентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и метод</title><p>Материал и метод. Проведен анализ опубликованных исследований, посвященных длительному прослеживанию пациентов, заболевших РШС в детско-подростковом возрасте.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что рано дебютирующие РШС протекают менее благоприятно, чем у взрослых. Исследователями признается, что пациенты, заболевшие в детстве, представляют собой особую клинически очерченную группу. Достигнув совершеннолетия, они демонстрируют парциальную или тотальную несформированность возрастных социальных навыков, интеллектуальную несостоятельность, личностное недоразвитие, их взрослая жизнь характеризуется сниженным уровнем социального функционирования. О тяжести начавшихся в детстве шизофрении и РШС свидетельствует высокий процент детей, сохраняющих инвалидность по достижении взрослого возраста.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Неизменную актуальность сохраняет проблема клинико-социальных последствий детских и подростковых форм РШС, в разработке которой одним из наиболее точных инструментов являются лонгитюдные исследования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Long-term observations of patients in child/adolescent clinical and social psychiatry contribute to solving problems of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of this contingent of patients.</p><p>Purpose of the review was to present according to scientific publications the historical view and the current state of the problem of clinical and social consequences of childhood and adolescent disorders of the schizophrenic spectrum (DSS), information on the course of which was obtained throughlong follow-up of patients.</p><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Material and method. The analysis of the published researches devoted to thelong tracing of the patients who fell ill with DSS in the childhood-adolescence is carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is shown that early debuting DSS areless benign than adults. Researchers recognize that patients who became ill in childhood are a special clinically defined group Having reached adulthood they demonstrate a partial or total unformed age social skills, intellectual failure, underdeveloped personality. Their aduttlife is characterized by a reduced level of social functioning. The severity of childhood schizophrenia and DSS is evidenced by a high percentage of children who remain disabled after reaching adulthood.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Studying the clinical and social consequences of children's and adolescent forms of RCS is an actual problem, longitudinal studies are one of the most accurate tools for developing these issues.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детская шизофрения</kwd><kwd>подростковая шизофрения</kwd><kwd>проспективное прослеживание</kwd><kwd>катамнез</kwd><kwd>социальная адаптация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>childhood schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>adolescent schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>prospective observation</kwd><kwd>follow up</kwd><kwd>social adaptation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головина А.Г., Шмакова О.П., Овсянникова О.В., Кравченко Н.Е., Суетина О.А. Шестилетний тренд динамики инвалидности детей и подростков, страдающих психическими заболеваниями. 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