<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2019-81-39-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-388</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИИ, КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПСИХИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Истерошизофрения  (аспекты  дефицитарных  расстройств  и  трудовой  дезадаптации)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Schizophrenia  in  patients  with  hysterical  personality  disorder  (aspects  of  negative  symptoms  and  labour  disadaptation)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилин</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilin</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жилин Виктор Олегович, аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor O. Zhilin, postgraduate student</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобанова Вероника Маратовна, младший научный сотрудник </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika M. Lobanova, junior researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.o.b.a.n.o.v.a.n.i.k.a@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>оронова Евгения Ивановна, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia I. Voronova, Сand. of Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, assistant professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronova_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный  центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI  «Mental  Health  Research  Centre»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный  центр психического здоровья»; &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI  «Mental  Health  Research  Centre»; &#13;
FSAEI  HE  I.M.  Sechenov  First  MSMU  MOH  Russia  (Sechenovskiy  University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>81</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Жилин В.О., Лобанова В.М., Воронова Е.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жилин В.О., Лобанова В.М., Воронова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhilin V.O., Lobanova V.M., Voronova E.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/388">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/388</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование:  Первой  предпосылкой  к  проведению  настоящего  исследования  явилось  основанное  на  анализе  данных  литературы предположение о возможности «парциальной» выраженности апатоабулических расстройств («лабильность во-левого усилия» по Д.Е. Мелехову). Второй предпосылкой стало выделение зарубежными учеными конструкта «селективной» (по Marin, 1990) «апатии к работе» (Schmidt G. et al., 2015).</p><p>В  свете  описанных  рассуждений  особый  интерес  вызывает  феномен  апатии  к  работе  при  шизофрении,  развивающейся  на основе истерической конституции, что связано с очевидными трудностями диагностики между парциальной абулией по типу «апатии к работе» при истерошизофрении и динамикой истерической психопатии с формированием феномена «рентной установки».</p><p>Рабочей  гипотезой  выступило  предположение  о  существовании  особого  вида  дефицитарных  расстройств  у  пациентов  с  истерическим  преморбидом,  в  случае  которых  апатоабулические  нарушения,  «прорастая»  в  сферу  конституциональных  аномалий, выступают «под маской» углубляющихся патохарактерологических расстройств и сопровождаются парциальной (приоритетно-трудовой) дезадаптацией жизнедеятельности больных.</p><p>Целью настоящего исследования в соответствии с рабочей гипотезой выступило изучение дефекта при истерошизофре-нии, протекающей с преобладанием парциальных апатоабулических расстройств.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы: в работе обобщаются результаты наблюдения 10 пациенток с экзацербацией эндогенно-процес-суальной патологии. Диагностический аппарат включал клинический и психометрический методы оценки.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: полученные в ходе исследования данные позволили выделить особый тип парциального шизофренического дефекта,  обозначенный  нами  как  «истероабулия».  Формирующиеся  негативные  расстройства  избирательно  затрагивают  произвольные формы деятельности, в первую очередь трудовую, в то время как развлекательная активность, будучи непро-извольной  истерической  потребностью,  не  нуждающейся  в  инициации  усилия,  может  не  обнаруживать  апатоабулического  дефицита.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background information</title><p>Background information: The first supposition for conducting this study was hypothesis based on the analysis of literature data according to which there is the possibility of «partial» character of apathoabulic disorders («lability of volitional effort» by D.E. Melekhov). The second presumption was the selection of the construct of «selective» (according to Marin, 1990) «job apathy» (Schmidt G. et al., 2015) by the foreign scientists.</p><p>In the light of reasons supplied, of special interest is apathy to work in patients with schizophrenia, proceeding on the basisof a hysterical constitution — which is associated with obvious difficulties in diagnosing between partial abulia («job apathy») within the hysterical form of schizophrenia and the dynamics of hysterical psychopathy with the phenomenon of «pension neurosis».</p><p>A current hypothesis was based on the assumption that there is a special type of deficit symptoms in schizophrenic patients with hysterical personality, according to which apathoabulic disorders «invade» into the sphere of constitutional anomalies, act «under the mask» of intensified pathocharacterological disorders and are accompanied by partial misadaption of life and activities.</p><p>The purpose of this work was to study the negative symptoms in hysterical form of schizophrenia, proceeding with a predominance of partial apathoabulic disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods: the present study summarizes the results of observations of 10 patients who applied to the FSBSI NHRC due to exacerbation of schizophrenic process. The diagnostics included clinical and psychometric assessment techniques.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the data obtained in the course of the study allowed us to figure out a special type of partial schizophrenic defect state, named as «hysteroabulia», according to which the negative symptoms affect voluntary activity (in particular — labour function), while recreational activity, being hysterical involuntary, doesn’t need to be volitional initiated, so may not reveal an apathoabolic disorder.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>истерошизофрения</kwd><kwd>негативные расстройства</kwd><kwd>истерическое расстройство личности</kwd><kwd>селективная апатия</kwd><kwd>«апатия к работе»</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hysteric schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>negative symptoms</kwd><kwd>hysterical personality disorder</kwd><kwd>selective apathy</kwd><kwd>job apathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kirkpatrick B. Developing concepts in negative symptoms: primary vs secondary and apathy vs expression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2014;75(suppl.1):3–7. https://DOI.org/10.4088/JCP.13049su1c.01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirkpatrick B. Developing concepts in negative symptoms: primary vs secondary and apathy vs expression. J. Clin. Psychiatry. 2014;75(suppl.1):3–7. https://DOI.org/10.4088/JCP.13049su1c.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marder S., Galderisi S. The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):14–24. https://DOI.org/10.1002/wps.20385</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marder S., Galderisi S. The current conceptualization of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. World Psychiatry. 2017;16(1):14–24. https://DOI.org/10.1002/wps.20385</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galderisi S., Mucci A., Buchanan R., Arango C. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: new developments and unanswered research questions. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(8):664–677. https://DOI.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30050-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galderisi S., Mucci A., Buchanan R., Arango C. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia: new developments and unanswered research questions. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(8):664–677. https://DOI.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30050-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss G., Horan W., Kirkpatrick B. et al. Deconstructing negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Avolition-apathy and diminished expression clusters predict clinical presentation and functional outcome. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2013;47(6):783–790. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss G., Horan W., Kirkpatrick B. et al. Deconstructing negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Avolition–apathy and diminished expression clusters predict clinical presentation and functional outcome. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2013;47(6):783–790. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.01.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azorin J., Belzeaux R., Adida M. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Where We have been and Where We are Heading. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2014;20(9):801–808. https://DOI.org/10.1111/cns.12292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azorin J., Belzeaux R., Adida M. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Where We have been and Where We are Heading. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2014;20(9):801–808. https://DOI.org/10.1111/cns.12292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смулевич А.Б., Мухорина А.К., Воронова Е.И., Романов Д.В. Современные концепции негативных расстройств при шизофрении и заболеваниях шизофренического спектра. Психиатрия. 2016;(72):5–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smulevich A.B., Muhorina A.K., Voronova E.I., Romanov D.V. Sovremennye koncepcii negativnyh rasstrojstv pri shizofrenii i zabolevaniyah shizofrenicheskogo spektra. Psihiatriya.2016;(72):5–19. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foussias G., Remington G. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Avolition and Occam’s Razor. Schizophr. Bull. 2008;36(2):359–369. https://DOI.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foussias G., Remington G. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: Avolition and Occam’s Razor. Schizophr. Bull. 2008;36(2):359–369. https://DOI.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn094</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фурсов Б.Б. Проблема мотивации и ее нарушений при шизофрении. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2012;22(4):91–100.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fursov B.B. Problema motivacii i ee narushenij pri shizofrenii. Social’naya i klinicheskaya psihiatriya. 2012;22(4):91–100. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fervaha G., Foussias G., Agid O., Remington G. Motivational and neurocognitive deficits are central to the prediction of longitudinal functional outcome in schizophrenia.Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2014;130(4):290–299. https://DOI.org/10.1111/acps.12289</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fervaha G., Foussias G., Agid O., Remington G. Motivational and neurocognitive deficits are central to the prediction of longitudinal functional outcome in schizophrenia.Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 2014;130(4):290–299. https://DOI.org/10.1111/acps.12289</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алфимова М.В., Лежейко Т.В., Болгов М.И., Тихонов Д.В., Голимбет В.Е. Самооценка гедонических и активационных аспектов мотивации при шизофрении и ее связь с негативными симптомами. Социальная и клиническая психиатрия. 2017;3:10–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfimova M.V., Lezhejko T.V., Bolgov M.I., Tihonov D.V., Golimbet V.E. Samoocenka gedonicheskih i aktivacionnyh aspektov motivacii pri shizofrenii i ee svyaz’ s negativnymi simptomami. Social’naya i klinicheskaya psihiatriya. 2017;3:10–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milev P., Ho B., Arndt S., Andreasen N. Predictive Values of Neurocognition and Negative Symptoms on Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal First-Episode Study With 7-Year Follow-Up. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):495–506. https://DOI.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.495</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milev P., Ho B., Arndt S., Andreasen N. Predictive Values of Neurocognition and Negative Symptoms on Functional Outcome in Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal First-Episode Study With 7-Year Follow-Up. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162(3):495–506. https://DOI.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.495</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foussias G., Mann S., Zakzanis K., van Reekum R., Remington G. Motivational deficits as the central link to functioning in schizophrenia: A pilot study. Schizophr. Res. 2009;115(2–3):333–337. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foussias G., Mann S., Zakzanis K., van Reekum R., Remington G. Motivational deficits as the central link to functioning in schizophrenia: A pilot study. Schizophr. Res. 2009;115(2–3):333–337. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galderisi S., Bucci P., Mucci A. et al. Categorical and dimensional approaches to negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Focus on long–term stability and functional outcome. Schizophr. Res. 2013;147(1):157–162. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galderisi S., Bucci P., Mucci A. et al. Categorical and dimensional approaches to negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Focus on long-term stability and functional outcome. Schizophr. Res. 2013;147(1):157–162. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fervaha G., Foussias G., Agid O., Remington G. Motivational deficits in early schizophrenia: Prevalent, persistent, and key determinants of functional outcome. Schizophr. Res. 2015;166(1–3):9–16. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fervaha G., Foussias G., Agid O., Remington G. Motivational deficits in early schizophrenia: Prevalent, persistent, and key determinants of functional outcome. Schizophr. Res. 2015;166(1–3):9–16. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy L., Llerena K., Kern R. Predictors of employment in schizophrenia: The importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Schizophr. Res. 2016;176(2–3):462–466. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy L., Llerena K., Kern R. Predictors of employment in schizophrenia: The importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Schizophr. Res. 2016;176(2–3):462–466. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Холзакова Н.Г. Частичная утрата (стойкое снижение) трудоспособности при шизофрении. В книге: Проблемы пограничной психиатрии. Москва; 1935:50–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holzakova N.G. Chastichnaya utrata (stojkoe snizhenie) trudosposobnosti pri shizofrenii. V knige: Problemy pogranichnoj psihiatrii. Moskva; 1935:50–53. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашова Л.Н. Некоторые типы ремиссии и дефекты психики при шизофрении с благоприятным течением (в связи с задачами трудоустройства). В сб.: Вопросы клиники, патогенеза и лечения шизофрении. М.: Медгиз; 1958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashova L.N. Nekotorye tipy remissij i defekty psihiki pri shizofrenii s blagopriyatnym techeniem (v svyazi s zadachami trudoustrojstva). V sb.: Voprosy kliniki, patogeneza i lecheniya shizofrenii. М: Medgiz; 1958. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков Ю.Ф., Критская В.П., Мелешко Т.К. Патология психической деятельности при шизофрении, мотивация, общение, познание. М.; 1991:168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov Yu.F., Kritskaya V.P., Meleshko T.K. Patologiya psihicheskoj deyatel’nosti pri shizofrenii: motivaciya, obshchenie, poznanie. M.; 1991:168. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов М.В., Незнанов Н.Г. Негативные и когнитивные расстройства при эндогенных психозах. Диагностика, клиника, терапия. СПб.: Научно-исследовательский психоневрологический им. В.М. Бехтерева; 2008:288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov M.V., Neznanov N.G. Negativnye i kognitivnye rasstrojstva pri ehndogennyh psihozah: Diagnostika, klinika, terapiya. SPb.: Sankt-Peterburgskij nauchno-issledovatel’skij psihonevrologicheskij institut im. V.M. Bekhtereva; 2008:288. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barch D., Treadway M., Schoen N. Effort, anhedonia, and function in schizophrenia: Reduced effort allocation predicts amotivation and functional impairment. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2014;123(2):387–397. https://DOI.org/10.1037/a0036299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barch D., Treadway M., Schoen N. Effort, anhedonia, and function in schizophrenia: Reduced effort allocation predicts amotivation and functional impairment. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2014;123(2):387–397. https://DOI.org/10.1037/a0036299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treadway M., Peterman J., Zald D., Park S. Impaired effort allocation in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2015;161(2–3):382–385. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treadway M., Peterman J., Zald D., Park S. Impaired effort allocation in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2015;161(2–3):382–385. https://DOI.org/10.1016/j.schres.2014.11.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелехов Д.Е. Клинические основы прогноза трудоспо-собности при шизофрении. М.; 1963:198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melekhov D.E. Klinicheskie osnovy prognoza trudosposobnosti pri shizofrenii. M.; 1963:198. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauz F. Die prognostic der endogenen Psychosen. Leipzig: Thieme; 1930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauz F. Die prognostic der endogenen Psychosen. Leipzig: Thieme; 1930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marin R. Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):22–30. https://DOI.org/10.1176/ajp.147.1.22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marin R. Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am. J. Psychiatry. 1990;147(1):22–30. https://DOI.org/10.1176/ajp.147.1.22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt G., Park G., Keeney J., Ghumman S. Job Apathy: Scale Development and Initial Validation. J. Career Assess. 2015;25(3):484–501. https://DOI.org/10.1177/1069072715599536</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt G., Park G., Keeney J., Ghumman S. Job Apathy: Scale Development and Initial Validation. J. Career Assess. 2015;25(3):484–501. https://DOI.org/10.1177/1069072715599536</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chase T. Apathy in Neuropsychiatric Disease: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. Neurotox Res. 2010;19(2):266–278. https://DOI.org/10.1007/s12640-010 - 9196 - 9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chase T. Apathy in Neuropsychiatric Disease: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. Neurotox Res. 2010;19(2):266–278. https://DOI.org/10.1007/s12640-010-9196-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Radakovic R., Stephenson L., Colville S., Swingler R., Chandran S., Abrahams S. Multidimensional apathy in ALS: validation of the Dimensional Apathy Scale. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry. 2015;87(6):663–669. https://DOI.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-310772</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radakovic R., Stephenson L., Colville S., Swingler R., Chandran S., Abrahams S. Multidimensional apathy in ALS: validation of the Dimensional Apathy Scale. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp; Psychiatry. 2015;87(6):663–669. https://DOI.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-310772</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mündt Ch. Residual Apathiesyndrom der Schizophrenen. Ergebnisse einer psychopathologischen Langzeitstudie. Nervenarzt. 1983;54(3):131–138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mündt Ch. Residual Apathiesyndrom der Schizophrenen. Ergebnisse einer psychopathologischen Langzeitstudie. Nervenarzt. 1983;54(3):131–138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симсон Т.П. О шизоидных истериках. В кн.: I Всероссийский съезд по психоневрологии. М.; 1923:9–15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simson T.P. O shizoidnyh isterikah. Kn: I Vseross. s'ezd po psihonevr. M.; 1923:9–15. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjöbring H. Personality structure and development: A model and its application. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1973;Suppl:204–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjöbring H. Personality structure and development: A model and its application. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1973;Suppl:204–244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider K. Die psychopatischen Persönlicheiten. Wien; 1940:104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneider K. Die psychopatischen Persönlicheiten. Wien; 1940:104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ernst K. Die Prognose der Neurosen. Monographien aus dem Gesamtge-biete der Neurologie. Berlin; 1959:118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ernst K. Die Prognose der Neurosen. Monographien aus dem Gesamtge-biete der Neurologie. Berlin; 1959:118.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weitbrecht H.U. Die chronische depression. Wien Z. Nervenheilk. 1967;24:265.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weitbrecht H.U. Die chronische depression. Wien Z. Nervenheilk. 1967;24:265.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смулевич А.Б., Германова К.Н., Читлова В.В. Психогенные депрессии и эндогенный процесс (к проблеме реактивной шизофрении). Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2016;116(5):4–12. https://DOI.org/10.17116/jnevro2016116514-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smulevich A.B., Germanova K.N., Chitlova V.V. Psihogennye depressii i ehndogennyi process (k probleme reaktivnoi shizofrenii). Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2016;116(5):4–12. https://DOI.org/10.17116/jnevro2016116514-12 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conrad K. Die Beginnende Schizophrenic: Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns. Thieme: Stuttgart; 1958:315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conrad K. Die Beginnende Schizophrenic: Versuch einer Gestaltanalyse des Wahns. Thieme: Stuttgart; 1958:315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
