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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2015-67-5-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-40</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВОПРОСЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПСИХИАТРИИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика выраженности стойкого первичного негативного расстройства у больных приступообразной шизофренией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сhanges in severity of enduring primary negative symptoms in patients with episodic schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">margmorozova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рупчев</surname><given-names>Георгий Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rupchev</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">rupchevgeorg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурминский</surname><given-names>Денис Сергеевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burminskiy</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">desbur@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI «Mental Health Research Сenter»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Морозова М.А., Рупчев Г.Е., Бурминский Д.С., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морозова М.А., Рупчев Г.Е., Бурминский Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morozova M.A., Rupchev G.E., Burminskiy D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/40">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/40</self-uri><abstract><p>Проблема негативных нарушений при шизофрении, методы их изучения и концептуализации привлекают внимание исследователей в области психиатрии на протяжении многих лет. В статье представлен один из возможных подходов к изучению стойкого первичного негативного расстройства (СПНР) и его динамики при шизофрении.Цель исследования. Операционализация понятия СПНР и исследование изменений выраженности этого расстройства у больных приступообразной шизофренией при длительном наблюдении.Материалы и методы. На основании собственного клинического опыта и литературных данных были выделены следующие составляющие СПНР: сужение эмоционального репертуара, обеднение речи, сужение интересов, снижение чувства цели, снижение социального драйва. На базе шкалы глобального клинического впечатления о тяжести (CGI-Severity, CGI-S) была разработана система оценочных инструментов: CGI-S-эмоциональный дефицит, CGI-S-обеднение речи, CGI-S-сужение интересов, CGI-S-снижение целенаправленности, CGI-S-дефицит социальной активности и общая оценка выраженности СПНР в виде суммы этих отдельных показателей. В качестве вспомогательных инструментов использованы шкала глобальной оценки функционирования (GAF), шкала оценки персонального и социального функционирования (PSP), CGI-S-комплайентность и шкала оценки автономии больных шизофренией (шкала автономии). Для изучения компенсаторных ресурсов разработан перечень видов копинг-активности пациента, то есть приемов совладания с обеднением внутренней жизни и/или общим дискомфортом, и деятельности, направленной на удовлетворение потребностей. В исследование включено 66 больных обоего пола с диагнозом «шизофрения с приступообразным течением без признаков резистентности к психофармакотерапии». Длительность клинического наблюдения была от 1 года до 10 лет, при этом 61% больных наблюдались более 4 лет. Формализованная оценка состояния проводилась дважды - в начале и конце периода наблюдения.Результаты. Обнаружено, что у всех больных группы выявлялись признаки СПНР. За время наблюдения по группе в целом все признаки, за исключением показателя «сужение интересов», проделали небольшую, но достоверную динамику. Выраженность СПНР коррелировала с показателями функциональных шкал (с GAF r = -0,71; c PSP r = -0,70, с суммарным баллом шкалы автономии r = -0,84). Динамика СПНР также была взаимосвязана с динамикой функциональных шкал ( r &gt; 0,50): уменьшение выраженности СПНР сопровождалось улучшением функционирования пациентов, а также увеличением их способности к автономному существованию. У 68% больных эти признаки за время наблюдения подверглись положительной динамике, у 32% больных динамика обнаружена не была или была отрицательной. Эти выделенные группы не выявляли отличий в начале исследования, но отличались между собой в конце ( р &lt; 0,05). Различия между группами касались показателя комплайентности и количества видов копинг-активности.Заключение. СПНР является характерным признаком приступообразной шизофрении. Это психопатологическое образование тесно связано с функционированием больных в различных сферах. Несмотря на торпидность СПНР, их выраженность может подвергаться некоторой редукции, в том числе за счет работы компенсаторных механизмов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problem of enduring negative disorders in schizophrenia and approaches to their conceptualization and methods of research attracts attention of researches in the field of psychiatry for many years. One of the ways oflooking at the study of primary enduring negative symptoms (PENS) and changes in their severity is presented in this paper.The aim of study was a conceptualization of PENS and their evolution in long-term observation of patients with shift-like schizophrenia.Materials and methods. On basis of criteria of deficit syndrome in schizophrenia five signs of PENS were formed: diminishing of emotional repertoire, poverty of speech, constriction of interests, diminishing of sense of aim and decreasing of social drive. On platform of CGI-S the system of assessment instruments of PENS was developed: CGI-S-emotional deficit, CGI-S-poverty of speech, CGI-S-restricted interests, CGI-S-diminishing of purposefulness, CGI-S-diminishing of social activity and general assessment of severity of PENS as a sum of them. In addition GAF, PSP, CGI-S-compliance and the scale of autonomy were administrated. For study of compensatory recourses the list of coping-activities, activities addressing to satisfaction of patients needs, attempts to cope with the feeling of impoverishment of inner world or/and general discomfort was developed. Sixty six patients of both sex with diagnosis of episodic schizophrenia without signs of treatment resistance were included into the study. The period of observation varied from one year to ten years, 61% of patients were observed for more than 4 years. All patients were assessed twice: at the beginning and at the end of observational period.Results. All patients of the group demonstrated the signs of PENS. Severity of all signs of PENS except «constriction of interest» reduced during the study. The reduction of severity was small but significant. Severity of PENS correlated with functional scales (GAF r = -0,71; PSP r = -0,70, scale of autonomy r = -0,84). Changes of severity of PENS waslinked with changes of functional scales ( r &gt; 0,50). Reduction of severity of PENS accompanied with improvement of functioning and capability for independentliving. 68% patients demonstrated positive changes of PENS and 32%-none or negative. The groups differed at the end of the study ( p &lt; 0,05) but not at the beginning. The difference was seen in the indices of compliance and number of coping-activities.Conclusion. PENS are the important feature of episodic schizophrenia. This psychopathological entity has close connection with functioning of patients. In spite of significant rigidity, there is some space for reduction in certain conditions including activation of compensatory mechanisms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>стойкие первичные негативные расстройства</kwd><kwd>дефект</kwd><kwd>динамика</kwd><kwd>компенсаторные меха- низмы</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>enduring primary negative symptoms</kwd><kwd>deficit</kwd><kwd>changes</kwd><kwd>compensatory mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крепелин Э. Введение в психиатрическую клинику. М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний. 2007:493</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Крепелин Э. Введение в психиатрическую клинику. М.: БИНОМ. 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