psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-2-61-70psychiatry-477Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSНозологическая дилемма и клинический полиморфизм феномена кататонииNosological Dilemma and Clinical Polymorphism of the Catatonia Phenomenonhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-9169БорисоваП. О.BorisovaP. O.

Борисова Полина Олеговна, клинический ординатор

Москва

Polina О. Borisova, Clinical Resident

Moscow

bori.pauline@gmail.comФГБОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияI.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation2020220720201826170Copyright © Борисова П.О., 20202020Борисова П.О.Borisova P.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/477

Цель: осветить эволюцию взглядов исследователей и представить обзор современной научной литературы, посвященной нозологической принадлежности и клиническим особенностям кататонии. Материал и методы: по ключевому слову «catatonia»/«кататония» в базах данных Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY было найдено 44 000 публикаций, из которых по критериям отбора выделены клинические случаи, когортные и рандомизированные исследования, посвященные психопатологической картине кататонии при аффективных заболеваниях, аутизме и истерии. Для анализа отобрано 50 публикаций за 2000–2020 гг. Заключение: кататония, традиционно относимая к проявлениям шизофрении, в настоящее время преимущественно трактуется как «транснозологический синдром», встречающийся при различных (как психических, так и соматических) заболеваниях. Клинические проявления кататонии при аффективных нарушениях, аутизме и истерии имеют свои отличительные особенности, при этом само наличие кататонических нарушений ассоциировано с большей тяжестью основного заболевания, низким качеством ремиссий, что обусловливает диагностическую настороженность в отношении эндогенно-процессуальной «почвы».

Objective: to provide the description of researchers’ views evolution and provide the review of modern scientific literature on nosological affiliation and clinical features of catatonia. Material and methods: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY databases were searched for literature (44 000 papers) using the keyword ‘catatonia‘. Based on the selection criteria, the search has been found the clinical cases, cohort and random studies, dedicated to psychopathologic description of catatonia, accompanied by affective disorders, autism and hysteria. 50 papers issued between 2000 and 2020 were selected for the analysis. Conclusions: catatonia, traditionally treated as a symptom of schizophrenia, currently is predominantly interpreted as a “transnosological syndrome”, which accompanies various (both mental and somatic) diseases. The clinical manifestations of catatonia in affective disorders, autism and hysteria have their own distinctive features, also the presence of catatonic symptoms is associated with a greater severity of the underlying disease, low quality of remissions, which explains why the experts are wary of the endogenic factors.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.