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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-6-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-505</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска увеличения частоты и ранней манифестации депрессий в современной подростковой популяции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk Factors for the Increase in Frequency and Earlier Manifestation of Depression in Adolescent Population of Today</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-1450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазаева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazaeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазаева Наталия Александровна, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом по изучению проблем подростковой психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Mazaeva, professor, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department for Studying the Problems of Adolescent Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nmazaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5627-8018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кравченко Надежда Ефимовна, кандидат медицинских наук, отдел по изучению проблем подростковой психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda E. Kravchenko, MD, PhD, Сand. of Sci. (Med.), Department of Adolescents’ Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kravchenkone@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазаева Н.А., Кравченко Н.Е., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазаева Н.А., Кравченко Н.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazaeva N.A., Kravchenko N.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/505">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/505</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: во всем мире отмечается рост распространенности подростковых депрессий, представляющих тяжелое социальное бремя. Многие исследователи склонны этиологически отличать рано начинающиеся депрессии от манифестирующих во взрослом возрасте. Можно предполагать и наличие возрастной специфики в предрасполагающих к их формированию факторах риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: установить комплекс факторов риска учащения и ранней манифестации депрессий у подростков в условиях современности.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: подростки, зарегистрированные в одном из московских психоневрологических диспансеров последовательно в период с 1999 по 2019 г. (в общей сложности 1704 чел.). Из общей когорты с целью изучения клинико-динамических аспектов депрессивной патологии были выбраны подростки, обращавшиеся в ПНД за психиатрической помощью в связи с депрессивными расстройствами настроения (согласно критериям МКБ-10, рубрика F3) в 2009–2019 гг.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: выявлена отчетливая тенденция к нарастанию частоты депрессий у подростков в последние два десятилетия, особенно у девочек, со смещением соотношения муж./жен. от 3,1/1 в 2009 г. до 1,8/1 в 2019 г. К наиболее характерным особенностям наблюдаемых у современных подростков депрессий отнесены более раннее начало, увеличение доли средней тяжести и тяжелых эпизодов, учащение аутоагрессивных и суицидальных проявлений. Установлены дополнительные факторы риска формирования депрессий у современных подростков: гормональные сдвиги, сопряженные с опережающим половым развитием и нарушением циркадианных ритмов, социальная депривация вследствие изменения социально-экономической ситуации с невозможностью удовлетворения социальных и духовных потребностей подростка, формированием пессимистического восприятия окружающего, неуверенности в себе.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: идентификация особенностей патогенетических механизмов депрессий у подростков открывает возможность для ранних целевых психосоциальных вмешательств, потенциально способных снизить риск развития депрессии у юных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: depression among adolescents is a serious public problem. The majority of genetic and clinical studies showed that early — onset depressions etiologically may be distinct from adult — onset depressions. Itis possible to assume some differences in aged-dependent risk profile between depressions at adolescence and adulthood.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to study adolescent depressions for identification a number of novel risk factors for increase in frequency and early manifestation of the disorder.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: outpatient adolescents registered in one of the Moscow psychoneurological dispensary at 1999–2019 years (total 1704 boys and girls). From the entire cohort we selected all participants appealed for medical aid in connection with depression (F3 of ICD-10) during last decade.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the significant increase in the incidence and early manifestation of adolescent depressions during last decade were revealed especially in girls with shift of male/female ratio from 3,1/1 in 2009 year to 1,8/1 in 2019 year. Some specific features of nowadays adolescent depressions are noted: beginning at an earlier age, increasing part of severe depressive episodes, growth of the autoaggressive behavior and suicidal potential. Novel links between adolescent depressions and risk factors are described. Some endocrinological changes resulting from premature pubertal timing and disordered circadian rhythms, social deprivation owing to socio-economic reforms with a lack of social support, low social expectations, absence of positive perspectives leading to low self-esteem and unwarranted self-criticism are turned out to be the most important factors heightening vulnerability to adolescent depressions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: identification of pathogenetic mechanisms of adolescent depressions creates an opportunity for early target psychosocial intervention and might help to reduce risk for depression among youth.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>ранние дебюты</kwd><kwd>клинико-динамические особенности</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>early manifestation</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>clinical features</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Finning K, Ukoumunne OC, Ford T, Danielsson- Waters E, Shaw L, Romero De Jager I, Stentiford L, A Moore D. 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