<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-76-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-514</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль моноцитов в клеточно-молекулярных механизмах развития системного иммунного воспаления. Часть 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of Monocytes Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in the Development of Systemic Immune Inflammation. Part 1</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-833X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Елена Федоровна, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория биохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena F. Vasilyeva, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_vasiliyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-679X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брусов Олег Сергеевич, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией биохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Brusov, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of Biochemistry Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg.brusow@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева Е.Ф., Брусов О.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е.Ф., Брусов О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva E.F., Brusov O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/514">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/514</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: важная роль моноцитов/макрофагов и Т-лимфоцитов, а также продуцируемых ими цитокинов была определена в патогенезе психических расстройств как макрофагально-Т-лимфоцитарная теория шизофрении. Согласно этой теории у пациентов с психическими расстройствами происходит увеличение количества активных циркулирующих моноцитов, макрофагов и Т-клеток, которые в результате нарушения целостности гематоэнцефалического барьера мигрируют в ЦНС, дестабилизируют мозг и приводят к утяжелению психических расстройств.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: в первой части обзора проанализировать данные литературы о роли провоспалительных моноцитов в развитии иммунного воспаления в патогенезе ряда системных заболеваний и рассмотреть молекулярные механизмы, опосредующие их взаимодействие с другими клетками — участниками иммунного воспаления.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и метод</title><p>Материалы и метод: по ключевым словам «провоспалительные моноциты», «цитокины», «молекулы клеточной адгезии», «иммунное воспаление», «моноцитарно-тромбоцитарные агрегаты», «психические расстройства» про- веден поиск данных, опубликованных за последние 20 лет в отечественных и зарубежных исследованиях в базах данных PubMed и e-Library.ru.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: в первой части обзора проанализированы данные литературы, которые касаются из- учения функциональных характеристик субпопуляции моноцитов, экспрессирующих при активации на своей поверхности повышенный уровень рецепторов CD16. С этой субпопуляцией большинство исследователей связывают провоспалительные функции моноцитов. Рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы активации моноцитов, к которым относят повышенную секрецию ими рецепторов CD16, цитокинов, хемокинов и рецепторов к ним, участвующих в их взаимодействии с клетками сосудистого эндотелия, с нейронами в ЦНС, а также с тромбоцитами в развитии системных воспалений. Анализ этих механизмов позволяет лучше понять иммунные аспекты воспаления в мозге, опосредованного взаимодействием моноцитов CD16+ с нейрональными клетками, следствием которого являются когнитивные нарушения у больных с психическими расстройствами, а также обо- значить связанные с этим новые подходы в лечении когнитивных снижений у этих больных. Исследования моноцитарного звена иммунитета у больных с психическими расстройствами будут освещены во второй части обзора.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: the important role of monocytes /macrophages, as well as cytokines produced by them was determined in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, as a macrophage-T-lymphocyte theory of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and depression. According to this theory, there is an increase in the number of active circulating monocytes, macrophages and T-cells in patients with mental disorders. These cells migrate to the CNS as a result of the blood-brain barrier breach, destabilize the brain and lead to worsening of mental disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>The aim of work</title><p>The aim of work: to review research data on the role of proinflammator monocytes in the development of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases and to examine the molecular mechanisms mediating the interaction of proinflammatory monocytes with other cells involved in immune inflammation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: keywords “proinflammatory monocyte CD16+”, “cytokines”, “molecules of cell adhesion”, “monocyte-platelet aggregates”, “microglia”, “psychiatriс disorders”, are used to search for data published over the past 20 years in domestic and foreign studies in PubMed and e-Library.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: in the first part of the review, the research data concerning the studies of the functional characteristics of a monocytes subpopulation that express on their surface an increased level of CD16 receptors when activated were analyzed. Most of researchers associate the proinflammatory functions of monocytes with this subpopulation. Molecular mechanisms of monocytes activation, which include increased secretion of CD16 receptors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors for them involved in their interaction with vascular endothelial cells, with neurons in the CNS and also with platelets in the development of systemic inflammation, are considered. Analysis of these mechanisms allows us to better understand the immune aspects of inflammation in the brain mediated by the interaction of CD16+ monocytes with neuronal cells, which results in cognitive disorders in patients with mental disorders, as well as to identify related new approaches to the treatment of cognitive decline in these patients. Studies of the monocyte unit of immunity in patients with mental disorders will be covered in the second part of the review.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психические расстройства</kwd><kwd>иммунное воспаление</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные моноциты CD14+/CD16+</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>молекулы клеточной адгезии</kwd><kwd>моноцитарно-тромбоцитарные агрегаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mental disorders</kwd><kwd>immune inflammation</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory monocyte CD14+/CD16+</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>molecules of cell adhesion</kwd><kwd>monocyte-platelet aggregates</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">tsest</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith R S. A comprehensive macrophage-Tlymphoc y te theor y of schizophrenia. Med. Hypotheses. 1992;39(3):248–57. DOI: 10.1016/0306-9877(92)90117-u</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nikkilä HV, Müller K, Ahokas A, Miettinen K, Rimón R, Andersson LC. Accumulation of macrophages in the CSF of schizophrenic patients during acute psychotic episodes. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156(11):1725–1729. https://DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1725</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikkilä HV, Müller K, Ahokas A, Miettinen K, Rimón R, Andersson LC. Accumulation of macrophages in the CSF of schizophrenic patients during acute psychotic episodes. Am. J. Psychiatry 1999;156(11):1725–1729. https://DOI:10.1176/ajp.156.11.1725</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theodoropoulou S, Spanakos G, Baxevanis CN, Economou M, Gritzapis AD, Papamichail MP, Stefanis CN. Cytokine serum levels, autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and surface marker analysis in never medicated and chronically medicated schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2001;479(1):13–25. DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00007-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theodoropoulou S, Spanakos G, Baxevanis CN, Economou M, Gritzapis AD, Papamichail MP, Stefanis CN. Cytokine serum levels, autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and surface marker analysis in never medicated and chronically medicated schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2001;479(1):13–25. DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00007-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi V, Yu Z, Sakai Mai, Tomita H. Linking Activation of Microglia and Peripheral Monocytic Cells to the Pathophysiology of Psychiatr ic Disorders. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2016;10:144. https://DOI:10.3389/fncel.2016.00144 eCollection 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi V, Yu Z, Sakai Mai, Tomita H. Linking Activation of Microglia and Peripheral Monocytic Cells to the Pathophysiology of Psychiatr ic Disorders. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2016;10:144. https://DOI:10.3389/fncel.2016.00144 eCollection 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nozadze DN, Rvacheva AV, Kaznacheeva EI, Sergienko IV. Monocytes in the development and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Aterosklersisz and dislipidaemias. 2012;3(8):25–36. (In Russ.). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/monotsityv-razvitii-i-destabilizatsii-ateroskleroticheskoyblyashki/viewer</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nozadze DN, Rvacheva AV, Kaznacheeva EI, Sergienko IV. Monocytes in the development and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. Aterosklersisz and dislipidaemias. 2012;3(8):25–36. (In Russ.). https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/monotsityv-razvitii-i-destabilizatsii-ateroskleroticheskoyblyashki/viewer</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auf fray C, Sieweke MH, Geissmann F. Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2009;27:669–692. https://DOI:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132557</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auf fray C, Sieweke MH, Geissmann F. Blood monocytes: development, heterogeneity, and relationship with dendritic cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2009;27:669–692. https://DOI:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132557</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yarilin AA. Immunology. Moscow: “GEOTAR-Media”. 2010:752. (In Russ.). http://www.geotar.ru/lots/Q0115299.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yarilin AA. Immunology. Moscow: “GEOTAR-Media”. 2010:752. (In Russ.). http://www.geotar.ru/lots/Q0115299.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams DW, Byrd D, Rubin LH, Anastos K , Morgello S., Berman JW. CCR2 on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes is a biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 2014;(1):36. https://DOI:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams DW, Byrd D, Rubin LH, Anastos K , Morgello S., Berman JW. CCR2 on CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes is a biomarker of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 2014;(1):36. https://DOI:10.1212/NXI.0000000000000036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merino A, Buendia P, Martin-Malo A, Aljama P, Ramirez R. Carracedo J. Senescent CD14+CD16+ Monocytes Exhibit Proinflammatory and Proatherosclerotic Activity. J. Immunol. 2011;186(3):1809–1815. https://DOI.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001866</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merino A, Buendia P, Martin-Malo A, Aljama P, Ramirez R. Carracedo J. Senescent CD14+CD16+ Monocytes Exhibit Proinflammatory and Proatherosclerotic Activity. J. Immunol. 2011;186(3):1809–1815. https://DOI.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1001866</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нansson GK, Edfeldt K. Toll to be paid at the gateway to the vessel wall. Arterioscler. Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;(25):1085–87. https://DOI.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000168894.43759.47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нansson GK, Edfeldt K. Toll to be paid at the gateway to the vessel wall. Arterioscler. Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;(25):1085–87. https://DOI.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000168894.43759.47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freudenberg MA, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Fejer G, Huber M, Schütze N, Beutler B, Galanos C. Lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of LPS hypersensitivity. J. Immunobiology. 2008;213(3–4):193–203. https://DOI:10.1016/j.imbio.2007.11.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freudenberg MA, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Fejer G, Huber M, Schütze N, Beutler B, Galanos C. Lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of LPS hypersensitivity. J. Immunobiology. 2008;213(3–4):193–203. https://DOI:10.1016/j.imbio.2007.11.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randhawa AK, Hawn TR. Toll-like receptors: their roles in bacterial recognition and respiratory infections. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 2008;6(4):479–495. https://DOI:org10.1586/14787210.6.4.479</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randhawa AK, Hawn TR. Toll-like receptors: their roles in bacterial recognition and respiratory infections. Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 2008;6(4):479–495. https://DOI:org10.1586/14787210.6.4.479</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss-Ayali D, Conrad SM, Mosser DM. Monocyte subpopulations and their differentiation patterns during infection. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007;82(2):244–252. https://DOI:10.1189/jlb.0307191</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss-Ayali D, Conrad SM, Mosser DM. Monocyte subpopulations and their differentiation patterns during infection. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007;82(2):244–252. https://DOI:10.1189/jlb.0307191</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ziegler-Heitbrock L. The CD14+ CD16+ blood monocytes: their role in infection and inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007;81(3):584–592. https://DOI:org10.1189/jlb.0806510</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ziegler-Heitbrock L. The CD14+ CD16+ blood monocytes: their role in infection and inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007;81(3):584–592. https://DOI:org10.1189/jlb.0806510</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong KL, Yeap WH, Tai JJ, Ong SM, Dang TM, Wong SC. The three human monocyte subsets: implications for health and disease. Immunol Res. 2012;53(1–3):41–57. https://DOI:org/10.1007/s12026-012-8297-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong KL, Yeap WH, Tai JJ, Ong SM, Dang TM, Wong SC. The three human monocyte subsets: implications for health and disease. Immunol Res. 2012;53(1–3):41–57. https://DOI:org/10.1007/s12026-012-8297-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhao J, Ouyang W, Gong J, Zou Y, Liu X, Wu W. CTRP3 induces an intermediate switch of CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset with anti-inflammatory phenotype. Exp. Ther. Med. 2020;199(3):2243–2251. https://DOI:10.3892/etm.2020.8467 Epub 2020.01.23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhao J, Ouyang W, Gong J, Zou Y, Liu X, Wu W. CTRP3 induces an intermediate switch of CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset with anti-inflammatory phenotype. Exp. Ther. Med. 2020;199(3):2243–2251. https://DOI:10.3892/etm.2020.8467 Epub 2020.01.23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krzyszkowski YuG, Grachev AN. Markers of monocytes and macrophages for the diagnosis of Immune pathology. Pathogenesis. 2012;10(1):14–19. (In Russ.). http://www.niiopp.ru/netcat_files/205/123/h_f1ffe2ac574b399597d3d0a07c53b735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krzyszkowski YuG, Grachev AN. Markers of monocytes and macrophages for the diagnosis of Immune pathology. Pathogenesis. 2012;10(1):14–19. (In Russ.). http://www.niiopp.ru/netcat_files/205/123/h_f1ffe2ac574b399597d3d0a07c53b735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matveeva VG, Golovkin AS, Kudryavtsev IV, Grigoriev EV, Chernova MN. Dynamics of CD14+CD16+ monocyte subpopulations in complication-free systemic inflammatory response following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Medical Immunology. 2012;14(4–5):391–398. (In Russ.). https://DOI.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2012-4-5-391-398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matveeva VG, Golovkin AS, Kudryavtsev IV, Grigoriev EV, Chernova MN. Dynamics of CD14+CD16+ monocyte subpopulations in complication-free systemic inflammatory response following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Medical Immunology. 2012;14(4–5):391–398. (In Russ.). https://DOI.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2012-4-5-391-398</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barisione, Garibaldi S, Ghigliotti, Fabbi P, Altieri P, Casale MC, Spallarossa P, Bertero G, Balbi M, Corsiglia L, Brunelli C. CD14CD16 monocyte subset levels in heart failure patients. Dis. Markers. 2010;28(2):115–124. https://DOI:10.3233/DMA-2010-0691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barisione, Garibaldi S, Ghigliotti, Fabbi P, Altieri P, Casale MC, Spallarossa P, Bertero G, Balbi M, Corsiglia L, Brunelli C. CD14CD16 monocyte subset levels in heart failure patients. Dis. Markers. 2010;28(2):115–124. https://DOI:10.3233/DMA-2010-0691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ancuta P, Liu KY, Misra V, Wacleche VS, Gosselin A, Zhou X, Gabuzda D. Transcriptional prof iling reveals developmental relationship and distinct biological functions of CD16+ and CD16-monocyte subsets. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:403–446. https://DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-10-403</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ancuta P, Liu KY, Misra V, Wacleche VS, Gosselin A, Zhou X, Gabuzda D. Transcriptional prof iling reveals developmental relationship and distinct biological functions of CD16+ and CD16-monocyte subsets. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:403–446. https://DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-10-403</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mosig S, Rennert K, Krause S, Kzhyshkowska J, Neunubel K, Heller R, Funke H. Different functions of monocyte subsets in familial hypercholesterolemia: potential function of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes in detoxif ication of oxidized LDL. FASEB J. 2009;23(3):866–74. https://DOI:10.1096/f j.08-118240</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mosig S, Rennert K, Krause S, Kzhyshkowska J, Neunubel K, Heller R, Funke H. Different functions of monocyte subsets in familial hypercholesterolemia: potential function of CD14+ CD16+ monocytes in detoxif ication of oxidized LDL. FASEB J. 2009;23(3):866–74. https://DOI:10.1096/f j.08-118240</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalashnikova AA, Voroshilova TM, Chinenova LV, Davydova NI, Kalinina NM. Monocyte subsets in healthy adults and sepsis patients. Medical Immunology. 2018;20(6):815–824. (In Russ.). https://DOI.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-815-824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalashnikova AA, Voroshilova TM, Chinenova LV, Davydova NI, Kalinina NM. Monocyte subsets in healthy adults and sepsis patients. Medical Immunology. 2018;20(6):815–824. (In Russ.). https://DOI.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2018-6-815-824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
