psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-4-127-140psychiatry-554Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSЭволюция представлений о синдроме эмоционального выгоранияThe Evolution of Representations about the Syndrome of Emotional Burnouthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-1122ЗражевскаяИ. А.ZrazhevskayaI. A.

Зражевская Инна Александровна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор факультета непрерывного медицинского образования

Москва

Inna A. Zrazhevskaya, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Faculty of Continuing Medical Education (FCME)

Moscow

zrazhevskaya_ia@rudn.universityБыковК. В.BykovK. V.

Быков Кирилл Вадимович, аспирант

Москва

Kirill V. Bykov, Postgraduate Student

Moscow

ТопкаЭ. О.TopkaE. O.

Топка Эльвира Олеговна, врач-психиатр

Москва

Elvira O. Topka, MD, Psychiatrist, Mental Clinical Hospital №13

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-3897ПешкинВ. Н.PeshkinV. N.

Пешкин Валерий Иванович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой

Москва

Valery N. Peshkin, MD, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

Moscow

ИсаевР. Н.IsaevR. N.

Исаев Руслан Николаевич, кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель клиники

Москва

Ruslan N. Isaev, MD, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)

Moscow

ОрловА. М.OrlovA. M.

Орлов Андрей Михайлович, руководитель медицинского центра

Москва

Andrey M. Orlov, MD, Head of the Medical Center

Moscow

Российский университет дружбы народов (РУДН)РоссияPeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)Russian FederationГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница №13» ДЗМРоссияMental Clinical Hospital №13, Moscow Healthcare DepartmentRussian FederationКлиника доктора ИсаеваРоссияDoctor Isaev ClinicRussian FederationМедицинский центр «КОРСАКОВ»РоссияMedical center “Korsakov”Russian Federation202015122020184127138Copyright © Зражевская И.А., Быков К.В., Топка Э.О., Пешкин В.Н., Исаев Р.Н., Орлов А.М., 20202020Зражевская И.А., Быков К.В., Топка Э.О., Пешкин В.Н., Исаев Р.Н., Орлов А.М.Zrazhevskaya I.A., Bykov K.V., Topka E.O., Peshkin V.N., Isaev R.N., Orlov A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/554Введение

Введение: изучение синдрома эмоционального выгорания интенсифицируется с течением времени. В 2020 г. в базе данных MEDLINE/PubMed представлено более 18 000 публикаций, посвященных этому феномену. В своем развитии концепция эмоционального выгорания прошла несколько неоднородных периодов.

Цель

Цель: осветить историю зарождения и развития представлений о синдроме эмоционального выгорания, особенности социальной конъюнктуры, в рамках которой этот синдром актуализировался, современное состояние данной проблемы.

Материал и метод отбора материала: проанализированы отечественные и зарубежные публикации, посвященные синдрому эмоционального выгорания. Поиск работ проводился по ключевым словами «выгорание», «история» в базах данных MEDLINE/PubMed, eLIBRARY, Google Scholar. Проведен поиск публикаций методом «снежного кома» в списках литературы релевантных исследований.

Результаты

Результаты: явления, схожие с синдромом эмоционального выгорания, регистрировались задолго до начала его академического изучения. Инициация научных исследований этого феномена произошла, главным образом, вследствие глобальных социальных изменений, связанных с повышением роли социальных профессий и увеличением нагрузки на работников, занятых в них. Результаты анализа тематических публикаций позволили выделить несколько этапов изучения синдрома эмоционального выгорания, различавшихся методологией эмпирических исследований, диапазоном субъектов, включаемых в группу риска развития этого явления, количеством конкурирующих психологических моделей эмоционального выгорания. Несмотря на возрастающее количество работ на тему эмоционального выгорания, по–прежнему актуальными остаются вопросы, связанные с клиническим статусом синдрома, его дискриминантной валидностью, методами его профилактики и преодоления. Эффективность междисциплинарного подхода к изучению эмоционального выгорания может сочетаться с чрезмерным разрастанием концепции и утратой ее субстанциональности.

Introduction

Introduction: the study of burnout syndrome intensifies over time. In 2020, MEDLINE/PubMed database contains more than 18,000 publications on this phenomenon. In its development, the concept of burnout has passed through several heterogeneous periods. Objective: to provide the description of the origin and development of the burnout concept, the features of the social environment within which this syndrome was actualized, and the current state of this problem.

Material and methods

Material and methods: publications on the burnout syndrome were analyzed. The search was performed using the keywords “burnout”, “history” in the MEDLINE/PubMed, eLIBRARY, and Google Scholar databases. The “snowball” method was used to search for publications in the literature lists of relevant studies.

Results

Results: the phenomena similar to burnout were registered long before the start of its academic study. The initiation of scientific research on burnout occurred mainly due to global social changes associated with the increasing role of social professions and the increasing burden on workers employed in them. The results of the analysis of publications made it possible to distinguish several stages of burnout studying, which differed in the methodology of empirical research, the range of subjects included in the risk group for this phenomenon, and the number of competing psychological models of burnout. Despite the growing number of papers on burnout, issues related to the clinical status of this syndrome, its discriminant validity, methods of its prevention and coping are still relevant. The effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of burnout can be flawed by excessive expansion of the concept and loss of its substantiveness.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.