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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-6-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейробиология шизофрении и клиникопсихопатологические корреляты (к построению клинико-биологической модели)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurobiology of Schizophrenia (to the Construction of Clinical and Biological Model)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории нейроиммунологии, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-3432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смулевич</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smulevich</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом по изучению пограничной психической патологии  и психосоматических расстройств; заведующий кафедрой психиатрии и психосоматики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department; Head of Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">absmulevich@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-6007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.ermakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6605-4851</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры психиатрии и психосоматики; ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor; Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voronova_e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”;&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клюшник Т.П., Смулевич А.Б., Зозуля С.А., Воронова Е.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клюшник Т.П., Смулевич А.Б., Зозуля С.А., Воронова Е.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klyushnik T.P., Smulevich A.B., Zozulya S.A., Voronova E.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/581">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/581</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: на основе анализа многолетних результатов  клинических и биологических исследований ФГБНУ  «Научный центр психического здоровья» (НЦПЗ), а также  данных зарубежных исследований молекулярных основ  нейроиммунных взаимосвязей представить главные  положения новой клинико-биологической модели  шизофрении, устанавливающей связи между нарушениями  биологических процессов и формированием позитивных и  негативных расстройств в общем психопатологическом пространстве шизофрении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и метод</title><p>Материал и метод: по ключевым словам «шизофрения», «биологические гипотезы шизофрении», «нейровоспаление», «нейродегенерация», «позитивные  расстройства», «негативные расстройства»,  «нейроиммунные взаимосвязи», «катаболизм триптофана»,  «активация микроглии» проведен анализ публикаций из баз  PubMed/MEDLINE, РИНЦ и других источников за последние 10 лет в сопоставлении с результатами клинико- биологических исследований шизофрении в НЦПЗ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: сопоставление и анализ современных  биологических гипотез шизофрении свидетельствуют о том,  что наиболее перспективными для решения задачи  установления связей между нарушениями  нейробиологических процессов и психопатологическими особенностями шизофрении выступают иммунологические  исследования. В рамках новой клинико-биологической  модели ключевая роль отводится процессу  нейровоспаления, который определяет патогенез как  негативных, так и позитивных расстройств по различным,  хотя и взаимосвязанным, молекулярным механизмам. В  основе одного из этих механизмов, ассоциированного с развитием обратимых позитивных симптомокомплексов,  лежит дисбаланс в нейротрансмиттерных системах,  формирующийся вследствие влияния провоспалительных  цитокинов на катаболизм триптофана. Другой механизм, определяющий развитие негативных симптомокомплексов,  связан с влиянием цитотоксических метаболитов на процессы нейродегенерации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: новая клинико-биологическая модель  шизофрении устанавливает парадигму взаимосвязи между нарушениями в сфере биологических процессов,  определяемых нейровоспалением/воспалением, и  формированием основных процессуальных дименсий —  позитивных и негативных расстройств в общем  психопатологическом пространстве шизофрении. Эта модель позволяет уточнить некоторые общие положения,  относящиеся к фармакотерапии шизофрении и купированию негативных расстройств, а также является  основой для разработки новых подходов к ранней диагностике, клиническому и социальному прогнозу. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>The objective</title><p>The objective: of the study was to present the main provisions of a new clinical and biological model of schizophrenia, which establishes links between disorders in the field of biological processes and the formation of positive and negative in the general psychopathological space of schizophrenia on the basis of the analysis of long-term results of clinical and biological research of the Mental Health Research Centre.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Material and method: by keywords “schizophrenia”, “biological hypotheses of schizophrenia”, “neuroinflammation”, “neurodegeneration”; “positive disorders”, “negative disorders”, “neuroimmune relationships”, “catabolismof tryptophan”, “activation of microglia”, publications from PubMed/MEDLINE databases, RSCI and other sources were analyzedover the past 10 years in comparison with the results of clinical and biological studies of schizophrenia at the Mental Health Science Center.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: comparison and analysis of current biological hypotheses of schizophrenia indicates that immunological studies are the most promising for solving the problem of establishing links between disorders of  neurobiological processes and psychopathological specificities of  schizophrenia. Within the framework of the new clinical and biological  model, a key role is assigned to the process of neuroinflammation, which determines the pathogenesis of both negative and positive disorders by various, albeit interrelated, molecular mechanisms. One of these mechanisms,  associated with the development of reversible positive symptom complexes, is based on an imbalance in the neurotransmitter  systems, which is formed as a result of the effect of proinflammatory  cytokines on tryptophan catabolism. Another mechanism that determines the  development of negative symptom complexes is associated with the influence of cytotoxic metabolites on the processes of neurodegeneration. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion:  a new clinical and biological model of schizophrenia establishes a paradigm of the relationship between disorders in the sphere of biological processes determined by neuroinflammation/inflammation and the  formation of the main procedural dimensions — positive and negative disorders in the general psychopathological space of schizophrenia. This model makes it possible to clarify some general provisions related to the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia and the relief of negative disorders, and also serves as the basis for the development of new approaches to early diagnosis, clinical and social prognosis. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>позитивные и негативные расстройства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>positive and negative disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumiyoushi T, Kunugi H, Nakagone K. Serotonin and dopamine receptors in motivational and cognitive disturbances of schizophrenia. Front. Neurosci. 2014;8:395:1–5. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumiyoushi T, Kunugi H, Nakagone K. 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