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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-2-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-641</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Психические расстройства, ассоциированные со злоупотреблением синтетическими каннабиноидами (спайсами)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mental Disorders Associated with the Abuse of Synthetic Cannabinoids (Spices)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-855X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бохан</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokhan</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бохан Николай Александрович, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отделения аддиктивных состояний, директор; заведующий кафедрой психиатрии, наркологии и психотерапии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Bokhan, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Academician of RAS, Prof., Head of Addictive States Department, Director; Head of the Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psychotherapy</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bna909@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8555-3987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селиванов</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selivanov</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селиванов Георгий Юрьевич, психиатр, нарколог</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy Yu. Selivanov, MD, Psychiatrist, Narcologist</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gergy89selivanov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-7779</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальников</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salnikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сальников Алексей Александрович, психиатр, нарколог</p><p>Ноябрьск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey A. Salnikov, MD, Psychiatrist, Narcologist</p><p>Noyabrsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salnikovspb@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-5918</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блонский</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blonsky</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Блонский Кирилл Андреевич, психиатр, нарколог</p><p>Нижневартовск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Blonsky, MD, Psychiatrist, Narcologist</p><p>Nizhnevartovsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darkknight.90@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ психического здоровья, Томский НИМЦ; ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Institute; Siberian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИИ психического здоровья, Томский НИМЦ; СибФНКЦ ФМБА России; ОГАУЗ «ТКПБ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Institute; SibFSCC FMBA; RSAHI “TClPH” Tomsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ ЯНАО «Ноябрьский ПНД»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SBI YNAO “November PND”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>БУ ХМАО-Югры «Нижневартовская ПНБ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>BO KMAO-Yugra “Nizhnevartovsk PNHl”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бохан Н.А., Селиванов Г.Ю., Сальников А.А., Блонский К.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бохан Н.А., Селиванов Г.Ю., Сальников А.А., Блонский К.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bokhan N.A., Selivanov G.Y., Salnikov A.A., Blonsky K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/641">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/641</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: злоупотребление синтетическими каннабиноидами может инициировать развитие психических расстройств, обусловить изменение клинической картины и привести к постановке неверного диагноза.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: обоснование феномена злоупотребления синтетическими каннабиноидами (спайсами) как триггера психотического эпизода у психически больных (с шизофренией и расстройствами личности) и фактора риска развития параноидной шизофрении.</p><p>Пациенты и методы исследования: обследован 291 мужчина: 241 с зависимостью от синтетических каннабиноидов — 101 из них с диагнозом расстройства личности и поведения в зрелом возрасте, 140 c диагнозом параноидная шизофрения и 50 с диагнозом параноидная шизофрения без зависимости от наркотиков.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы исследования</title><p>Методы исследования: клинико-психопатологический, психометрический (SANS, CGI, MMPI), катамнестический, статистический (R 3.2.4).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: интоксикационные состояния, вызванные синтетическими каннабиноидами, могут провоцировать развитие психотических эпизодов и являться триггером манифестации шизофрении. Выделено четыре варианта наркотического опьянения: делириозоподобный, шизофреноподобный, с псевдогаллюцинациями, с бредом. Сходство склада личности больных, зависимых от синтетических каннабиноидов, определяется преобладанием черт эмоциональной неустойчивости, ригидности, интровертированности, склонности к девиантному поведению. Больные с расстройствами личности, зависимые от синтетических каннабиноидов, отличались от типичных зависимых от наркотиков такими паттернами поведения, как неорганизованность, конфликтность, непредсказуемость, спонтанность, необдуманность поступков, импульсивность, нонконформность. Стигматизирующими признаками шизофренического процесса у больных, зависимых от синтетических каннабиноидов, были симптомы абулии–апатии слабой степени выраженности. Больные шизофренией, зависимые от синтетических каннабиноидов, отличались от больных без зависимости от наркотиков отсутствием эмоционального дефекта, что находило отражение в экспрессивности эмоций и стремлении к коммуникации.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: феномен злоупотребления синтетическими каннабиноидами становится триггером психотического эпизода как у больных шизофренией, так и у лиц с расстройствами личности, среди которых преобладают антисоциальные, шизоидные и параноидные черты характера. Злоупотребление синтетическими каннабиноидами оказывается фактором риска развития параноидной шизофрении, отличающейся от шизофрении без зависимости от наркотиков слабой степенью выраженности стигматизирующих симптомов абулии–апатии и социальной активностью в периоды краткосрочных ремиссий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction: the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids may trigger the development of mental disorders characterized by distortions of disease processes that can cause incorrect diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the phenomenon of the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (Spice) as a trigger psychotic episode in psychiatric patients (with schizophrenia and personality disorders) and risk factors for developing paranoid schizophrenia.</p><p>Patients and research methods: 291 men were examined: 241 with dependence on synthetic cannabinoids — 101 of them were diagnosed with personality and behavior disorders in adulthood, 140 with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and 50 with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia without drug dependence.</p></sec><sec><title>Research methods</title><p>Research methods: clinicalpsychopathological, psychometric (SANS, CGI, MMPI), follow-up, statistical R (R version 3.2.4).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: intoxication conditions caused by synthetic cannabinoids can provoke the development of psychotic episodes and be a trigger for the manifestation of schizophrenia. There are four variants of narcotic intoxication: delirious, schizophrenic, with pseudo-hallucinations, with delirium. The personalities of patients addicted to synthetic cannabinoids are similar in the prevalence of emotionally unstable, rigid, introverted, deviant traits. Patients with personality disorders, dependent on synthetic cannabinoids, differed from typical drug addicts in such patterns of behavior as disorganization, conflict, unpredictability, spontaneity, thoughtlessness of actions, impulsivity, and nonconformity. The stigmatizing signs of the schizophrenic process in patients who are dependent on synthetic cannabinoids are the symptoms of abulia–apathy of mild severity. Patients with schizophrenia, dependent on synthetic cannabinoids, differed from patients without dependence on drugs by the phenomenon of the absence of an emotional defect expressed in the expressiveness of emotions, the desire for communication.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the phenomenon of synthetic cannabinoid abuse is a trigger of a psychotic episode in both schizophrenic patients and those with personality disorders in whom antisocial, schizoid and paranoid personality traits prevail. The abuse of synthetic cannabinoids is a risk factor for the development of paranoid schizophrenia, which differs from schizophrenia without drug dependence by a mild degree of stigmatizing symptoms of abulia–apathy and social activity during periods of short-term remissions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>расстройства личности</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>злоупотребление</kwd><kwd>синтетические каннабиноиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>personality disorders</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>abuse</kwd><kwd>synthetic cannabinoids</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бохан НА, Кривулина ОЕ, Кривулин ЕН. Клинико-динамические особенности зависимости от синтетических каннабиноидов у подростков. 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