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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-2-46-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-645</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние активности моноаминов у детей с тикозными гиперкинезами и комбинированным типом синдрома дефицита внимания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The State of Monoamine Activity in Children with Tyc Hyperkinesis and the Combined Type of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-333X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гасанов Рауф Фаикович, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отделение детской психиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rauf F. Gasanov, MD, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Department of Child Psychiatry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raufgasanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-3846</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Игорь Владимирович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, руководитель отделения детской психиатрии; , профессор кафедры психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Makarov, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department of Child Psychiatry; Professor of the Department of Psychiatry and Narcology</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppsy@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-1479</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелина</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelina</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емелина Дарья Андреевна, кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник, отделение детскойпсихиатрии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daria A. Emelina, MD, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Researcher, Department of Child Psychiatry</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dashaberkos@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр психиатрии и неврологии им. В.М. Бехтерева; Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.M. Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасанов Р.Ф., Макаров И.В., Емелина Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasanov R.F., Makarov I.V., Emelina D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/645">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/645</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — изучить состояние активности моноаминов у детей с тикозными гиперкинезами при комбинированном типе синдрома дефицита внимания (СДВГ).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: 404 ребенка в возрасте 6–10 лет с комбинированным вариантом СДВГ были разделены на три подгруппы по состоянию активности моноаминов: 1-я подгруппа с сочетанием гипофункции дофаминергической и гиперфункции норадренергической систем — 120 человек, 2-я подгруппа с сочетанием гиперфункции норадренергической системы при относительной сбалансированности дофаминовой — 136 человек, 3-я подгруппа с показателями моноаминов в пределах референтных значений — 148 детей. Показатели моноаминов, их предшественников и продукты метаболизма в суточной моче определялись методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии с электрохимической детекцией: содержание дофамина, норадреналина, адреналина и серотонина, их метаболитов — гомованилиновой кислоты, ванилилминдальной кислоты, 5-гидрокситриптофана и 5-оксииндолуксусной кислоты, а также их предшественников триптофана и тирозина. Для оценки тяжести симптомов синдрома дефицита внимания использовалась шкала SNAP-IV, показатели тяжести сопутствующего тика определялись с помощью Йельской глобальной шкалы тяжести тиков.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: во всех рассматриваемых подгруппах тяжесть тика коррелирует прежде всего с повышенной импульсивностью (1-я подгруппа р = 0,0001, 2-я подгруппа р = 0,045, 3-я подгруппа р = 0,015). Степень выраженности основных симптомов СДВГ у детей имеет конкурентное с тиком поведение, что связано с декомпенсацией биохимического равновесия моноаминовых систем. В 1-й подгруппе наблюдается повышение расхода норадреналина (p = 0,002) с большим образованием метаболитов и дальнейшим ослаблением активности дофаминовой (p = 0,029) и серотониновой систем (p = 0,038). Во 2-й подгруппе, с одной стороны, отмечается снижение активности дофаминовой системы (p = 0,001), с другой — возрастает ингибирующая активность серотониновой (p = 0,003). В 3-й подгруппе повышается активность норадренергической системы (p = 0,006) при минимальном участии дофаминовой и ослаблении влияния серотониновой систем.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: в условиях коморбидности СДВГ с тикозными гиперкинезами у детей наблюдается изменение состояния норадренергической и дофаминовой систем и ослабляется тормозное влияние серотониновой, что, вероятно, оказывает влияние на основные симптомы СДВГ, отражаясь на общем психопатологическом профиле.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: the primary purpose of this study was to explore the state of monoamine activity in children with tic disorder at a combined type of attention deﬁcit disorder (ADHD).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: 404 children aged 6–10 years with a combined type of ADHD were divided into three subgroups according to the monoamine activity: 1 subgroup with a combination of hypofunction of dopaminergic and hyperfunction of the noradrenergic system — 120 patients, 2 subgroup with a combination of hyperfunction of the noradrenergic system with a relative balance of dopamine — 136 patients, 3 subgroups with biochemical parameters of monoamine indicators within the reference values — 148 children. The levels of monoamines, their precursors and metabolic products in daily urine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection: dopamine, norepinephrine, adrenaline and serotonin, their metabolites — homovanilic acid, vanillylmandelic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and their precursors tryptophan and tyrosine. To assess the severity of the symptoms of ADHD, the SNAP-IV scale was used, and tic severity was determined using the Yale global tick severity scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: сommon to all subgroups under consideration is characteristic that the severity of the tick correlates, ﬁ rst, with increased impulsivity (1 subgroup р = 0.0001, 2 subgroup р = 0.045, 3 subgroup р = 0.015). The degree of manifestation of the main symptoms of ADHD in children has competitive behavior with tics, which is associated with decompensation of the biochemical balance of monoamine systems. In subgroup 1, there is an increase in the consumption of norepinephrine (p = 0.002) with a large formation of metabolites and a further weakening of the activity of the dopamine (p = 0.029) and serotonin (p = 0.038) systems. In subgroup 2, the dopamine system is deﬁcient (p = 0.001) and the inhibitory function of the serotonin system increases (p = 0.003). In subgroup 3, the activity of the noradrenaline system increases with minimal participation of the dopamine system and a weakening of the inﬂuence of the serotonin system (p = 0.006).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: in cases of comorbidity of ADHD and tic disorder in children, observation revealed a change in the state of noradrenergic and dopamine systems and weakening of the inhibitory effect of serotonin, which probably has an effect on the general psychopathological proﬁle.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью</kwd><kwd>тики</kwd><kwd>норадренергическая система</kwd><kwd>дофаминовая система</kwd><kwd>серотониновая система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>attention deﬁcit hyperactivity disorder</kwd><kwd>tics</kwd><kwd>impulsivity</kwd><kwd>noradrenergic system</kwd><kwd>dopamine system</kwd><kwd>serotonin system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo Y, Weibman D, Halperin JM, Li X. 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