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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-4-15-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-720</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Окислительные повреждения ДНК клеток периферической крови и внеклеточной ДНК плазмы крови как показатель тяжести окислительного стресса при расстройствах аутистического спектра и шизофрении у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oxidative DNA Damage of Peripheral Blood Cells and Blood Plasma Сell-Free DNA as an Indicator of the Oxidative Stress Level in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Schizophrenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-1692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Геннадьевна Никитина, младший научный сотрудник, отдел детской психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana G. Nikitina, Junior Researcher, Department of Child Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina.svt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-5832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ершова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ershova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Сергеевна Ершова, кандидат биологических наук, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta S. Ershova, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">es-ershova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0299-426X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чудакова</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chudakova</surname><given-names>Ju. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Михайловна Чудакова, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Julia M. Chudakova, Researcher, Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">julia.chudakova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-8987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмарина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Васильевна Шмарина, кандидат медицинских наук, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Shmarina, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakmarariver@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1847-0548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вейко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Veiko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Николаевна Вейко, доктор биологических наук, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Veiko, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Chief Scientific Officer</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">satelit32006@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6697-8306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Владимирович Мартынов, кандидат биологических наук, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Martynov, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avlamar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-3608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>С. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostuk</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Эдмундовна Костюк, лаборант-исследователь, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana E. Kostuk, Laboratory Assistant-Researcher, Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lanaek28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-7161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Модестов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Modestov</surname><given-names>A. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Андреевич Модестов, cтудент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandr A. Modestov, Student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sasha56.modestov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3323-5303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рожнова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rozhnova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Михайловна Рожнова, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра медицинской генетики</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana M. Rozhnova, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stm-i@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-5144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ижевская</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Izhevskaya</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вера Леонидовна Ижевская, доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera L. Izhevskaya, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Prof., Deputy Director for Research</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izhevskaya@med-gen.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-9900</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костюк</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostuk</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Викторовна Костюк, доктор биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией, лаборатория молекулярной биологии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Kostuk, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of the Molecular Biology Laboratory</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svet-vk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8809-3429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симашкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simashkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Валентиновна Симашкова, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом детской психиатрии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya V. Simashkova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Department, Department Child Psychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simashkovanv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр психического здоровья</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова; Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre For Medical Genetics; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Reanimatology and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр им. академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Centre For Medical Genetics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитина С.Г., Ершова Е.С., Чудакова Ю.М., Шмарина Г.В., Вейко Н.Н., Мартынов А.В., Костюк С.Э., Модестов А.А., Рожнова Т.М., Ижевская В.Л., Костюк С.В., Симашкова Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитина С.Г., Ершова Е.С., Чудакова Ю.М., Шмарина Г.В., Вейко Н.Н., Мартынов А.В., Костюк С.Э., Модестов А.А., Рожнова Т.М., Ижевская В.Л., Костюк С.В., Симашкова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitina S.G., Ershova E.S., Chudakova J.M., Shmarina G.V., Veiko N.N., Martynov A.V., Kostuk S.E., Modestov A.А., Rozhnova T.M., Izhevskaya V.L., Kostuk S.V., Simashkova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/720">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/720</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: неоднородность и сложность патогена являются основными препятствиями для дифференциальной диагностики шизофрении и расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) у детей. Роль окислительного стресса в молекулярных механизмах патогенеза шизофрении и аутизма не вызывает сомнений. Свободные радикалы, накапливающиеся при развитии стресса, могут вызывать окислительные модификации и образование разрывов внеклеточной ДНК (вкДНК) и ядерной ДНК клеток крови. На сегодняшний день доказано, что 8-гидрокси-2’-дезоксигуанозин (8-OHdG) можно рассматривать как биомаркер окислительного стресса. Однако до сих пор неясно, насколько выражены генотоксические последствия окислительного стресса при РАС разной степени тяжести и при шизофрении у детей (ШД). Цель исследования: изучение связи уровня окислительных повреждений ДНК в клетках периферической крови и характеристик циркулирующей вкДНК с ШД и тяжестью течения РАС у детей. Пациенты и методы: образцы крови 96 пациентов, больных детским аутизмом (ДА — F84.0 по МКБ- 10), атипичным аутизмом (АА — F84.1 по МКБ-10) и шизофренией с началом в детском возрасте (ШД — F20.8 по МКБ-10), были получены из отдела детской психиатрии ФГБНУ НЦПЗ. Образцы крови группы контроля (34 чел.) взяты из коллекции образцов МГНЦ. Отбор больных проводился с использованием клинико-психопатологического метода. Выделение вкДНК проводили методом экстракции органическими растворителями. Концентрацию внеклеточной ДНК определяли флуориметрически. Уровень 8-OHdG в составе вкДНК определяли по связыванию соответствующих антител на мембранных фильтрах, эндонуклеазную активность определяли методом радиальной диффузии в геле. G0-лимфоциты периферической крови выделяли методом градиентного центрифугирования. Уровень 8-OHdG и уровень фосфорилированной формы гистона H2AX (γH2AX) в G0-лимфоцитах периферической крови анализировали в фиксированных клетках методом проточной цитофлуориметрии с использованием соответствующих антител. Статистическую обработку проводили с использованием программ Excel Microsoft Office, Statistica 6.0, StatGraph. Результаты и заключение: окислительный стресс имеет разную выраженность при РАС, протекающих в тяжелой форме (АА) и легкой/средней форме (ДА). При ДА уровень окислительных повреждений ДНК лимфоцитов имеет тенденцию к повышению, но не достигает уровня достоверности; уровень окислительных повреждений внеклеточной ДНК не отличается от контроля. При АА и еще в более сильной степени при ШД уровень окислительных повреждений ДНК клеток и внеклеточной ДНК значительно повышен, что свидетельствует о развитии системного окислительного стресса, который не компенсируется антиокислительной системой организма. Уровень 8-OHdG в составе вкДНК и ДНК ядер клеток периферической крови может являться маркером окислительного стресса, что важно не только для диагностики тяжести течения патологического процесса, но и для разработки схем терапии ШД и РАС у детей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: pathogen heterogeneity and complexity are the main obstacles for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) differential diagnosis in children. The role of oxidative stress in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia and autism pathogenesis is beyond doubt. Free radicals that accumulate during stress can cause oxidative modifications and the formation of breaks in the сell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nuclear DNA of blood cells. To date, it has been proven that 8-hydroxy-2’- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) can be considered as an oxidative stress biomarker. However, it is still unclear how pronounced the genotoxic consequences of oxidative stress are in ASD of varying severity and in childhood onset schizophrenia (COS). Objective: to study the relationship between the oxidative DNA damage level in peripheral blood cells and the circulating cell-free DNA characteristics with the severity of COS and the course of ASD in children. Patients and methods: blood samples of 96 patients with childhood autism (CA — F84.0 according to ICD-10), atypical autism (AA — F84.1 according to ICD-10) and with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS — F20.8 according to ICD-10) were obtained from the Child Psychiatry Department of the Mental health research center. Blood samples of the control group (34 people) — from the collection of samples of the Research Centre for medical Genetics. The selection of patients was carried out using the clinical and psychopathological method. Cell-free DNA was isolated by extraction with organic solvents. The concentration of cfDNA was determined fluorimetrically. The level of 8-OHdG in cell-free DNA was determined by binding of the corresponding antibodies on membrane filters, endonuclease activity was determined by radial diffusion in a gel. G0-peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated by gradient centrifugation. The level of 8-OHdG and the level of the phosphorylated form of histone H2AX (yH2AX) in G0-peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed in fixed cells by flow cytofluorometry using appropriate antibodies. Statistical processing was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel, Statistica 6.0, StatGraph. Results and conclusions: oxidative stress has different severity in ASD, occurring in severe form (AA) and mild/moderate form (CA). In CA, the level of oxidative damage to the DNA of lymphocytes tends to increase, but does not reach statistically significant level; the level of oxidative damage to cfDNA does not differ from the control. In AA and, to an even stronger extent, in COS, the level of oxidative damage to the DNA of cells and cfDNA is significantly increased, which indicates the development of systemic oxidative stress, which is not compensated by the body’s antioxidant system. The level of 8-OHdG in the composition of the cfDNA and DNA of the nuclei of peripheral blood cells can be a marker of oxidative stress, which is important not only for diagnosing the severity of the pathological process, but also for treatment regimens development for COS and ASD in children.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>РАС</kwd><kwd>детский аутизм</kwd><kwd>атипичный аутизм</kwd><kwd>шизофрения у детей</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>окислительные повреждения ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ASD</kwd><kwd>childhood autism</kwd><kwd>atypical autism</kwd><kwd>childhood onset schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>oxidative DNA damage</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование окислительного стресса при шизофрении было поддержано Российским научным фондом (проект 18-15-00437, продолжение), исследование окислительного стресса при аутизме поддержано государственным заданием Министерства науки и высшего образования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Психические расстройства и расстройства поведения (F00–F99). 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