psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-4-90-99psychiatry-727Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSПоложение религии и духовности в психиатрии: семь рекомендацийPosition Statement on Religion and Spirituality in Psychiatry: Seven Recommendationshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-1976ФерхагенП. Дж.VerhagenP. J.

Петер Дж. Ферхаген, профессор, доктор медицины, психиатр, групповой психотерапевт, теолог

Хардервейк

Peter J. Verhagen, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Psychiatrist, Group Psychotherapist, Theologist

Westeinde 27, 3844 DD Harderwijk

p.verhagen@ggzcentraal.nlЦентральный Институт психического здоровьяНидерландыGGz Centraal Mental Health InstitutionNetherlands2021171220211949099Copyright © Ферхаген П.Д., 20212021Ферхаген П.Д.Verhagen P.J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/727

Обоснование: в декабре 2015 г. исполнительный комитет Всемирной психиатрической ассоциации одобрил Заявление о положении религии и духовности в психиатрии. Тогда же секция по религии, духовности и психиатрии Всемирной психиатрической ассоциации взяла на себя обязательство распространить это заявление по всему миру. Цель: донести это заявление, особенно семь рекомендаций, до сведения международного психиатрического сообщества и, в частности, российского психиатрического сообщества. Метод: нарративный обзор с разъяснением семи рекомендаций, которые подчеркивают признание значимости религии и духовности в психиатрии. Заключение: религия и духовность в психиатрии являются частью повседневной психиатрической практики, научных исследований, общего медицинского образования и обучения в ординатуре по психиатрии, а также в политической и общественной сферах. Публикация Заявления о положении религии и духовности в психиатрии представляется важным достижением исполнительного комитета Всемирной психиатрической ассоциации, которое несет пользу психиатрии во всем мире.

Background: in December 2015 the Executive Committee of the World Psychiatric Association approved a Position Statement on religion, spirituality in psychiatry. Since then, the World Psychiatric Association Section of Religion, Spirituality and Psychiatry has committed to publicizing the Position Statement worldwide. Aim: to bring this statement, especially the seven recommendations, to the attention of the international psychiatric community, in particular the Russian psychiatric community. Method: a narrative review and the seven recommendations in the Position Statement are explained, thus demonstrating its importance. Conclusion: religion and spirituality in psychiatry are part of daily psychiatric practice, scientific research, residency training and continuous medical education, and the political and public realm. With the publication of the Position Statement, the Executive Committee of the World Psychiatric Association has made a major accomplishment that benefits psychiatry around the world.

Всемирная психиатрическая ассоциациязаявлениерелигия и духовность в психиатриидиалогрекомендацииWorld Psychiatric AssociationPosition Statementreligion and spiritualitydialoguerecommendationsReferencesMoreira-Almeida A, Sharma A, van Rensburg BJ, Verhagen PJ, Cook CC. WPA Position Statement on Spirituality and Religion in Psychiatry. World Psychiatry 2016;15(1):87–88. doi: 10.1002/wps.20304 PMID: 26833620; PMCID: PMC4780301Moreira-Almeida A, Sharma A, van Rensburg BJ, Verhagen PJ, Cook CC. WPA Position Statement on Spirituality and Religion in Psychiatry. World Psychiatry 2016;15(1):87–88. doi: 10.1002/wps.20304 PMID: 26833620; PMCID: PMC4780301Verhagen PJ, Cook Ch. Epilogue: Proposal for a World Psychiatric Association Consensus or Position Statement in Spirituality and Religion in psychiatry. In: Verhagen PJ, van Praag HM, López-Ibor JJ Jr., Cox JL, & Moussaoui D. (Eds.). Religion and psychiatry: Beyond boundaries Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2010:615–631.Verhagen PJ, Cook Ch. Epilogue: Proposal for a World Psychiatric Association Consensus or Position Statement in Spirituality and Religion in psychiatry. In: Verhagen PJ, van Praag HM, López-Ibor JJ Jr., Cox JL, & Moussaoui D. (Eds.). Religion and psychiatry: Beyond boundaries Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2010:615–631.Verhagen PJ. Psychiatry and religion: consensus reached! Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2017;20(2):1–12. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2017.1334195Verhagen PJ. Psychiatry and religion: consensus reached! Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 2017;20(2):1–12. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2017.1334195Janse van Rensburg ABR. South African Society of Psychiatrists guidelines for the integration of spirituality in the approach to psychiatry practice. South African Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;20:133–139. doi: 10.7196/sajp.593DGPPNJanse van Rensburg ABR. South African Society of Psychiatrists guidelines for the integration of spirituality in the approach to psychiatry practice. South African Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;20:133–139. doi: 10.7196/sajp.593DGPPNUtsch M, Anderssen-Reuster U, Eckhard F, Gross W, Murken S, Schouler-Ocak M, Stotz-Ingenlath G. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Religiosität und Spiritualität in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Spiritual Care 2016;6(1):141–146. doi: 10.1515/spircare-2016-02206Utsch M, Anderssen-Reuster U, Eckhard F, Gross W, Murken S, Schouler-Ocak M, Stotz-Ingenlath G. Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Religiosität und Spiritualität in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Spiritual Care 2016;6(1):141–146. doi: 10.1515/spircare-2016-02206Verhagen P.J. Psychiatry and religion. Controversies and consensus: A matter of attitude. Düren: Shaker Verlag. 2019.Verhagen P.J. Psychiatry and religion. Controversies and consensus: A matter of attitude. Düren: Shaker Verlag. 2019.Peteet JR. The WPA position paper on spirituality and religion in psychiatry: A North American perspective. Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2017;20(6):1–6. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2017.1380128Peteet JR. The WPA position paper on spirituality and religion in psychiatry: A North American perspective. Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2017;20(6):1–6. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2017.1380128Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth Edition. DSM-5™. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth Edition. DSM-5™. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing. 2013.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fourth Edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. 1994.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fourth Edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. 1994.Turner RP, Lukoff D, Barnhouse RT, Lu FG. Religious or spiritual problem. A culturally sensitive diagnostic category in the DSM-IV J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183(7):435–444. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199507000-00003 PMID: 7623015Turner RP, Lukoff D, Barnhouse RT, Lu FG. Religious or spiritual problem. A culturally sensitive diagnostic category in the DSM-IV J Nerv Ment Dis. 1995;183(7):435–444. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199507000-00003 PMID: 7623015Oades LG, Mossman L. The science of wellbeing and positive psychology. In: M. Slade, L. Oades, & A. Jarden (Eds.), Wellbeing, recovery and mental health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2017:7–23.Oades LG, Mossman L. The science of wellbeing and positive psychology. In: M. Slade, L. Oades, & A. Jarden (Eds.), Wellbeing, recovery and mental health. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2017:7–23.Slade M. The contribution of mental health services to recovery. Journal of Mental Health. 2009;18(5):367– 371.Slade M. The contribution of mental health services to recovery. Journal of Mental Health. 2009;18(5):367– 371.Heffernan S, Neil S, Weatherhead S. Religion in inpatient mental health: a narrative review Mental Health Review Journal (MHRJ). 2014;19(4):221–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-09-2014-0035Heffernan S, Neil S, Weatherhead S. Religion in inpatient mental health: a narrative review Mental Health Review Journal (MHRJ). 2014;19(4):221–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/MHRJ-09-2014-0035Braam AW. Religion and spirituality in prevention and promotion in mental health. In B.P. Mosqueiro, D. Bhugra, & A. Moreira-Almeida (Eds.), Spirituality and mental health across cultures (in press). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021.Braam AW. Religion and spirituality in prevention and promotion in mental health. In B.P. Mosqueiro, D. Bhugra, & A. Moreira-Almeida (Eds.), Spirituality and mental health across cultures (in press). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2021.de Haan S. An enactive approach to psychiatry [Special issue] Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 2020;27(1):3–25. doi: 10.1353/ppp.2020.0001de Haan S. An enactive approach to psychiatry [Special issue] Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology. 2020;27(1):3–25. doi: 10.1353/ppp.2020.0001Kendler KS. The dappled nature of causes of psychiatric illness: replacing the organic-functional/ hardware-software dichotomy with empirically based pluralism. Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17(4):377–388. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.182 PMID: 22230881; PMCID: PMC3312951Kendler KS. The dappled nature of causes of psychiatric illness: replacing the organic-functional/ hardware-software dichotomy with empirically based pluralism. Mol Psychiatry. 2012;17(4):377–388. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.182 PMID: 22230881; PMCID: PMC3312951de Oliveira E, Oliveira FHA, Peteet JR, Moreira-Almeida A. Religiosity and spirituality in psychiatry residency programs: why, what, and how to teach? Braz J Psychiatry. 2020:S1516-44462020005035204. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1106 Epub ahead of print. Erratum in: Braz J Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 21; PMID: 33111775de Oliveira E, Oliveira FHA, Peteet JR, Moreira-Almeida A. Religiosity and spirituality in psychiatry residency programs: why, what, and how to teach? Braz J Psychiatry. 2020:S1516-44462020005035204. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1106 Epub ahead of print. Erratum in: Braz J Psychiatry. 2021 Jul 21; PMID: 33111775Vander Weele TJ. Religion and health: a synthesis. In: J.R. Peteet, & M.J. Balboni (Eds.), Spirituality and Religion within the Culture of Medicine: From Evidence to Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2017:357–401.Vander Weele TJ. Religion and health: a synthesis. In: J.R. Peteet, & M.J. Balboni (Eds.), Spirituality and Religion within the Culture of Medicine: From Evidence to Practice. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2017:357–401.Alimujiang A, Wiensch A, Boss J, Fleischer NL, Mondul AM, McLean K, Mukherjee B, Pearce CL. Association Between Life Purpose and Mortality Among US Adults Older Than 50 Years. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(5):e194270. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270 PMID: 31125099; PMCID: PMC6632139Alimujiang A, Wiensch A, Boss J, Fleischer NL, Mondul AM, McLean K, Mukherjee B, Pearce CL. Association Between Life Purpose and Mortality Among US Adults Older Than 50 Years. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(5):e194270. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270 PMID: 31125099; PMCID: PMC6632139Aftab A, Lee EE, Klaus F, Daly R, Wu TC, Tu X, HuegexS, Jeste DV. Meaning in Life and Its Relationship With Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Functioning: A Study of 1,042 Community-Dwelling Adults Across the Lifespan. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019;81(1):19m13064. doi: 10.4088/JCP.19m13064 PMID: 31846240; PMCID: PMC7138140Aftab A, Lee EE, Klaus F, Daly R, Wu TC, Tu X, HuegexS, Jeste DV. Meaning in Life and Its Relationship With Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Functioning: A Study of 1,042 Community-Dwelling Adults Across the Lifespan. J Clin Psychiatry. 2019;81(1):19m13064. doi: 10.4088/JCP.19m13064 PMID: 31846240; PMCID: PMC7138140Vitorino LM, Lucchetti G, Leao FC, Vallada H, Peres MFP. The association between spirituality religiousness and mental health. Scientific Reports. 2018;8:article 17233. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35380-wVitorino LM, Lucchetti G, Leao FC, Vallada H, Peres MFP. The association between spirituality religiousness and mental health. Scientific Reports. 2018;8:article 17233. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35380-wBonelli RM, Koenig HG. Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review. J Relig Health. 2013;52(2):657– 673. doi: 10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4 PMID: 23420279Bonelli RM, Koenig HG. Mental disorders, religion and spirituality 1990 to 2010: a systematic evidence-based review. J Relig Health. 2013;52(2):657– 673. doi: 10.1007/s10943-013-9691-4 PMID: 23420279Braam AW, Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality and depression in prospective studies: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2019;257:428–438. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.063 PMID: 31326688Braam AW, Koenig HG. Religion, spirituality and depression in prospective studies: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2019;257:428–438. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.063 PMID: 31326688Glas G. Person-centered care in psychiatry. Self-relational, contextual and normative perspectives. London: Routledge. 2019 doi: 10.4324/9780429242960 eBook ISBN9780429242960Glas G. Person-centered care in psychiatry. Self-relational, contextual and normative perspectives. London: Routledge. 2019 doi: 10.4324/9780429242960 eBook ISBN9780429242960Cook CCH, Powell AE, Sims A, Eagger S. Spirituality and secularity: professional boundaries in psychiatry. Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2011;14(1):35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2010.484935Cook CCH, Powell AE, Sims A, Eagger S. Spirituality and secularity: professional boundaries in psychiatry. Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2011;14(1):35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2010.484935Weber M. Wissenschaft als Beruf 1917/1919. Studienausgabe der Max Weber –– Gesamtausgabe. 1994. Band I/17. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).Weber M. Wissenschaft als Beruf 1917/1919. Studienausgabe der Max Weber –– Gesamtausgabe. 1994. Band I/17. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck).Blass RB. The quest for truth as the foundation of psychoanalytic practice: a traditional freudian-kleinian perspective. Psychoanal Q. 2016;85(2):305–337. doi: 10.1002/psaq.12075 PMID: 27112741Blass RB. The quest for truth as the foundation of psychoanalytic practice: a traditional freudian-kleinian perspective. Psychoanal Q. 2016;85(2):305–337. doi: 10.1002/psaq.12075 PMID: 27112741Britton R. Belief and Imagination. Routledge. 1998: 240 p. ISBN 9780415194389Britton R. Belief and Imagination. Routledge. 1998: 240 p. ISBN 9780415194389Summergrad P. Psychiatry and the faith community. Psychiatric News. 2014; 49 (16):1–1. doi: 10.1176/ appi.pn.2014.8b24Summergrad P. Psychiatry and the faith community. Psychiatric News. 2014; 49 (16):1–1. doi: 10.1176/ appi.pn.2014.8b24American Psychiatric Association. Mental health. A guide for faith leaders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association Foundation. 2018 Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/engagement-opportunities/mental-health-and-faith-community-partnershipAmerican Psychiatric Association. Mental health. A guide for faith leaders. Washington: American Psychiatric Association Foundation. 2018 Retrieved August 15, 2020, from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/engagement-opportunities/mental-health-and-faith-community-partnershipHerrman H. The WPA Action Plan 2017–2020. World Psychiatry 2017;16(3):329–330. doi: 10.1002/wps.20471 PMID: 28941086; PMCID: PMC5608810Herrman H. The WPA Action Plan 2017–2020. World Psychiatry 2017;16(3):329–330. doi: 10.1002/wps.20471 PMID: 28941086; PMCID: PMC5608810Makoka M. Health-promoting churches. Reections on health and healing for churches on commemorative world health days. Geneva: WCC Publications. 2020:76 p. ISBN: 978-2-8254-1708-9Makoka M. Health-promoting churches. Reections on health and healing for churches on commemorative world health days. Geneva: WCC Publications. 2020:76 p. ISBN: 978-2-8254-1708-9Vanier J, Swinton J. Mental Health: The Inclusive Church Resource. London: Darton, Longman and Todd Ltd. 2014:96 p. ISBN: 0232530661; ISBN-13(EAN): 9780232530667Vanier J, Swinton J. Mental Health: The Inclusive Church Resource. London: Darton, Longman and Todd Ltd. 2014:96 p. ISBN: 0232530661; ISBN-13(EAN): 9780232530667Epps F, Choe J, Alexander K, Brewster G. Designing Worship Services to Support African-American Persons Living with Dementia. J Relig Health. 2020;59(4):2163–2176. doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-00993-x PMID: 32020382Epps F, Choe J, Alexander K, Brewster G. Designing Worship Services to Support African-American Persons Living with Dementia. J Relig Health. 2020;59(4):2163–2176. doi: 10.1007/s10943-020-00993-x PMID: 32020382Taylor EJ, Li AH. Healthcare Chaplains’ Perspectives on Nurse-Chaplain Collaboration: An Online Survey. J Relig Health. 2020;59(2):625–638. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00974-9 PMID: 31912352Taylor EJ, Li AH. Healthcare Chaplains’ Perspectives on Nurse-Chaplain Collaboration: An Online Survey. J Relig Health. 2020;59(2):625–638. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00974-9 PMID: 31912352Liem A. “Doing My Profession is also Part of Worship”: How Clinical Psychologists Address Aspects of Spirituality and Religion in Indonesia. J Relig Health. 2020;59(3):1434–1457. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00880-0 PMID: 31286337Liem A. “Doing My Profession is also Part of Worship”: How Clinical Psychologists Address Aspects of Spirituality and Religion in Indonesia. J Relig Health. 2020;59(3):1434–1457. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00880-0 PMID: 31286337Illueca M, Doolittle BR. The Use of Prayer in the Management of Pain: A Systematic Review. J Relig Health. 2020;59(2):681–699. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00967-8 PMID: 31912350Illueca M, Doolittle BR. The Use of Prayer in the Management of Pain: A Systematic Review. J Relig Health. 2020;59(2):681–699. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00967-8 PMID: 31912350Dunbar S, Frederick T, Thai Y, Gill J. Calling, caring, and connecting: burnout in Christian ministry. Mental Health, Religion & Culture 2020;23(2):173–186.Dunbar S, Frederick T, Thai Y, Gill J. Calling, caring, and connecting: burnout in Christian ministry. Mental Health, Religion & Culture 2020;23(2):173–186.Duffy RD, Dik BJ, Douglass RP, England JW, Velez BL. Work as a calling: A theoretical model. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(4):423–439. doi: 10.1037/cou0000276 PMID: 29999369Duffy RD, Dik BJ, Douglass RP, England JW, Velez BL. Work as a calling: A theoretical model. J Couns Psychol. 2018;65(4):423–439. doi: 10.1037/cou0000276 PMID: 29999369Braam AW. Towards a multidisciplinary guideline religiousness, spirituality, and psychiatry: what do we need? Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2017;20,579–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1377949Braam AW. Towards a multidisciplinary guideline religiousness, spirituality, and psychiatry: what do we need? Mental Health, Religion and Culture. 2017;20,579–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2017.1377949WHO 2018 retrieved 29 July 2020 https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-responseWHO 2018 retrieved 29 July 2020 https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-responseWHOQOL SRPB Group. A cross-cultural study of spirituality, religion, and personal beliefs as components of quality of life. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(6):1486–1497. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.001 PMID: 16168541WHOQOL SRPB Group. A cross-cultural study of spirituality, religion, and personal beliefs as components of quality of life. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(6):1486–1497. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.001 PMID: 16168541Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green L, van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Leonard B, Lorig K, Loureiro MI, van der Meer JW, Schnabel P, Smith R, van Weel C, Smid H. How should we define health? BMJ. 2011;343:d4163. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4163 PMID: 21791490Huber M, Knottnerus JA, Green L, van der Horst H, Jadad AR, Kromhout D, Leonard B, Lorig K, Loureiro MI, van der Meer JW, Schnabel P, Smith R, van Weel C, Smid H. How should we define health? BMJ. 2011;343:d4163. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4163 PMID: 21791490VanderWeele TJ. On the promotion of human flourishing Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(31):8148–8156. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1702996114 PMID: 28705870; PMCID: PMC5547610VanderWeele TJ. On the promotion of human flourishing Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(31):8148–8156. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1702996114 PMID: 28705870; PMCID: PMC5547610VanderWeele TJ. Is Forgiveness a Public Health Issue? Am J Public Health. 2018;108(2):189–190. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304210 PMID: 29320296; PMCID: PMC5846597VanderWeele TJ. Is Forgiveness a Public Health Issue? Am J Public Health. 2018;108(2):189–190. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304210 PMID: 29320296; PMCID: PMC5846597Barbour IG. When science meets religion. Enemies, strangers, or partners? New York: Harper San Francisco. 2000:205 p.Barbour IG. When science meets religion. Enemies, strangers, or partners? New York: Harper San Francisco. 2000:205 p.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.