<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-4-125-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-730</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клеточно-молекулярные механизмы участия провоспалительных моноцитов в патогенезе психических расстройств. Часть 3</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Сellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Proinflammatory Monocytes Participation in the Pathogenesis of Mental Disorders. Part 3</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-833X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Федоровна Васильева, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena F. Vasilyeva, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Laboratory of Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">el_vasiliyeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-679X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брусов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brusov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Сергеевич Брусов, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией биохимии</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg S. Brusov, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Head of Laboratory of Biochemistry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oleg.brusow@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научный центр психического здоровья</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Васильева Е.Ф., Брусов О.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е.Ф., Брусов О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilyeva E.F., Brusov O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/730">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/730</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: в настоящее время определена важная роль моноцитарно-макрофагального звена иммунитета в патогенезе психических заболеваний. В первой и второй частях нашего обзора проведен анализ клеточно-молекулярных механизмов активации моноцитов/макрофагов, секретирующих провоспалительные рецепторы CD16, цитокины, хемокины и рецепторы к ним, в развитии системного иммунного воспаления в патогенезе соматических заболеваний и психических расстройств, в том числе шизофрении, биполярного аффективного расстройства (БАР) и депрессии. Показана связь высокого уровня провоспалительной активности моноцитов/макрофагов у больных с психическими расстройствами с соматической коморбидностью, в том числе с иммунными системными заболеваниями. Известно, что провоспалительные моноциты периферической крови в результате нарушения целостности гематоэнцефалического барьера (ГЭБ) могут мигрировать в ЦНС и активировать резидентные клетки мозга — микроглию, вызывая ее активацию, что может приводить к развитию нейровоспаления и нейродегенеративных процессов в мозге и, как следствие, к когнитивным нарушениям. Цель: провести анализ результатов основных научных исследований, касающихся изучения роли клеточно-молекулярных механизмов взаимодействия моноцитов периферической крови с клетками микроглии и тромбоцитами в развитии нейровоспаления в патогенезе психических расстройств, в том числе при болезни Альцгеймера (БА). Материал и методы: по ключевым словам «психические расстройства, БА, провоспалительные моноциты, микроглия, нейровоспаление, цитокины, хемокины, молекулы клеточной адгезии, тромбоциты, микровезикулы» проведен поиск в базах данных PubMed, eLibrary, Science Direct и EMBASE статей отечественных и зарубежных авторов, опубликованных за последние 30 лет. Заключение: в представленном обзоре проанализированы результаты исследований, в которых показано, что моноциты/макрофаги и микроглия имеют аналогичные профили экспрессии генов при шизофрении, БАР, депрессии и БА и выполняют аналогичные функции: осуществляют фагоцитоз и опосредуют воспалительные реакции. Показано, что моноциты, рекрутированные в ЦНС, продуцируют провоспалительные цитокины: IL-1, IL-6, фактор некроза опухоли альфа (TNF-α), хемокины, например MCP-1 (мonocyte chemotactic protein), и стимулируют усиление их продукции клетками микроглии. Это способствует рекрутированию клеток микроглии к местам повреждения нейронов, а также усиливает процесс образования мозгового белка бета-амилоида (Аβ). Приведены результаты современных исследований, свидетельствующих, что в системных воспалительных реакциях участвуют также и тромбоциты. Они взаимодействуют с моноцитами и образуют с ними моноцитарно-тромбоцитарные агрегаты (МТА), которые индуцируют активацию моноцитов с провоспалительным фенотипом. В последнее десятилетие установлено, что активированные тромбоциты и клетки иммунной системы, в том числе моноциты, отщепляют от своей мембраны микровезикулы (МВ). Показано, что МВ участвуют в качестве мессенджеров в транспорте биологически активных липидов, цитокинов, комплемента и других молекул, которые могут вызывать обострение системных воспалительных реакций. Представленный обзор позволяет расширить наши знания о клеточно-молекулярных аспектах взаимодействия моноцитов/макрофагов с клетками микроглии и тромбоцитами в развитии нейровоспаления и когнитивного снижения в патогенезе психических заболеваний и при БА, а также помогает в поиске специфических биомаркеров клинической тяжести психического расстройства у больных и перспектив их ответа на лечение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: at present, the important role of the monocyte-macrophage link of immunity in the pathogenesis of mental diseases has been determined. In the first and second parts of our review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of activation of monocytes/macrophages, which secreting proinflammatory CD16 receptors, cytokines, chemokines and receptors to them, in the development of systemic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of somatic diseases and mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and depression were analyzed. The association of high levels of proinflammatory activity of monocytes/macrophages in patients with mental disorders with somatic comorbidity, including immune system diseases, is shown. It is known that proinflammatory monocytes of peripheral blood, as a result of violation of the integrity of the hematoencephalic barrier can migrate to the central nervous system and activate the resident brain cells — microglia, causing its activation. Activation of microglia can lead to the development of neuroinammation and neurodegenerative processes in the brain and, as a result, to cognitive disorders. The aim of review: to analyze the results of the main scientific studies concerning the role of cellular and molecular mechanisms of peripheral blood monocytes interaction with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Material and methods: keywords “mental disorders, AD, proinflammatory monocytes, microglia, neuroinflammation, cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, platelets, microvesicles” were used to search for articles of domestic and foreign authors published over the past 30 years in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, Science Direct and EMBASE. Conclusion: this review analyzes the results of studies which show that monocytes/macrophages and microglia have similar gene expression profiles in schizophrenia, BAD, depression, and AD and also perform similar functions: phagocytosis and inflammatory responses. Monocytes recruited to the central nervous system stimulate the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), chemokines, for example, MCP-1 (Monocyte chemotactic protein-1) by microglial cells. This promotes the recruitment of microglial cells to the sites of neuronal damage, and also enhances the formation of the brain protein beta-amyloid (Aβ). The results of modern studies are presented, indicating that platelets are involved in systemic inflammatory reactions, where they interact with monocytes to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MTA), which induce the activation of monocytes with a pro inflammatory phenotype. In the last decade, it has been established that activated platelets and other cells of the immune system, including monocytes, detached microvesicles (MV) from the membrane. It has been shown that MV are involved as messengers in the transport of biologically active lipids, cytokines, complement, and other molecules that can cause exacerbation of systemic inflammatory reactions. The presented review allows us to expand our knowledge about the cellular and molecular aspects of the interaction of monocytes/macrophages with microglial cells and platelets in the development of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in the pathogenesis of mental diseases and in AD, and also helps in the search for specific biomarkers of the clinical severity of mental disorder in patients and the prospects for their response to treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психические расстройства</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные моноциты</kwd><kwd>микроглия</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>тромбоциты</kwd><kwd>микровезикулы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mental disorders</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory monocytes</kwd><kwd>microglia</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>platelets</kwd><kwd>microvesicles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhao J, Ouyang W, Gong J, Zou Y, Liu X, Wu W. CTRP3 induces an intermediate switch of CD14++ CD16+ monocyte subset with anti-inflammatory phenotype. Exp Ther Med. 2020;199(3):2243–2251. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8467 Epub 2020 Jan 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu H, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Ding X, Zhao J, Ouyang W, Gong J, Zou Y, Liu X, Wu W. CTRP3 induces an intermediate switch of CD14++ CD16+ monocyte subset with anti-inflammatory phenotype. Exp Ther Med. 2020;199(3):2243–2251. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8467 Epub 2020 Jan 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drexhage RC, Knijff EM, Padmos RC, Heul-Nieuwenhuijzen LV, Beumer W, Versnel MA, Drexhage HA. The mononuclear phagocyte system and its cytokine in- flammatory networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(1):59–76. doi: 10.1586/ern.09.144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drexhage RC, Knijff EM, Padmos RC, Heul-Nieuwenhuijzen LV, Beumer W, Versnel MA, Drexhage HA. The mononuclear phagocyte system and its cytokine in- flammatory networks in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother. 2010;10(1):59–76. doi: 10.1586/ern.09.144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eyre HA, Air T, Pradhan A, Johnston J, Lavretsky, Stuart MJ, Baune BT. A meta-analysis of chemokines in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;68:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eyre HA, Air T, Pradhan A, Johnston J, Lavretsky, Stuart MJ, Baune BT. A meta-analysis of chemokines in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016;68:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, Schroeder J, Katsafanas E, Schweinfurth L, Savage C, Khushalani S, Yolken R. Inflammatory Markers in Recent Onset Psychosis and Chronic Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):134–141. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbv108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, Schroeder J, Katsafanas E, Schweinfurth L, Savage C, Khushalani S, Yolken R. Inflammatory Markers in Recent Onset Psychosis and Chronic Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42(1):134–141. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbv108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldsmith DR. A Meta-Analysis of Blood Cytokine Network Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(12):1696–1709. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.3 Epub 2016 Feb 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldsmith DR. A Meta-Analysis of Blood Cytokine Network Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21(12):1696–1709. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.3 Epub 2016 Feb 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goff DC, Sullivan LM, McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Nasrallah HA, Daumit GL, Lamberti S, D’Agostino RB, Stroup TS, Davis S. A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;80(1):45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.08.010 Epub 2005 Sep 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goff DC, Sullivan LM, McEvoy JP, Meyer JM, Nasrallah HA, Daumit GL, Lamberti S, D’Agostino RB, Stroup TS, Davis S. A comparison of ten-year cardiac risk estimates in schizophrenia patients from the CATIE study and matched controls. Schizophrenia Research. 2005;80(1):45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.08.010 Epub 2005 Sep 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jakobsson J, Bjerke M, Sahebi S, Isgren A, Ekman CJ, Sellgren C, Olsson B, Zettenberg H, Blennow K, Pålsson E, Landén M. Monocyte and microglial activation in patients with mood-stabilized bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;40(4):250–258. doi: 10.1503/jpn.140183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jakobsson J, Bjerke M, Sahebi S, Isgren A, Ekman CJ, Sellgren C, Olsson B, Zettenberg H, Blennow K, Pålsson E, Landén M. Monocyte and microglial activation in patients with mood-stabilized bipolar disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;40(4):250–258. doi: 10.1503/jpn.140183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo JT, Yu J, Grass D, de Beer FC, Kindy MS. Inflammation-dependent cerebral deposition of serum amyloid a protein in a mouse model of amyloidosis. J Neurosci. 2002;22:5900–5909. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-14-05900.2002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo JT, Yu J, Grass D, de Beer FC, Kindy MS. Inflammation-dependent cerebral deposition of serum amyloid a protein in a mouse model of amyloidosis. J Neurosci. 2002;22:5900–5909. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-14-05900.2002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel NS, Paris D, Mathura V, Quadros AN, Crawford FC, Mullan MJ. Inflammatory cytokine levels correlate with amyloid load in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2005;2(1):article 9). doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel NS, Paris D, Mathura V, Quadros AN, Crawford FC, Mullan MJ. Inflammatory cytokine levels correlate with amyloid load in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2005;2(1):article 9). doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-2-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alasmari F, Alshammari MA, Alasmari AF, Alanazi WA, Alhazzani K. Neuroinflammatory cytokines induce amyloid beta neurotoxicity through modulating amyloid precursor protein levels/metabolism. Biomed Res Int. 2018;78:3087475. doi: org/10.1155/2018/3087475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alasmari F, Alshammari MA, Alasmari AF, Alanazi WA, Alhazzani K. Neuroinflammatory cytokines induce amyloid beta neurotoxicity through modulating amyloid precursor protein levels/metabolism. Biomed Res Int. 2018;78:3087475. doi: org/10.1155/2018/3087475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith TL, Weyrich AS. Platelets as central mediators of systemic infl ammatory responses. Thromb Res. 2011;127(5):391–394. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.10.013 Epub 2010 Nov 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith TL, Weyrich AS. Platelets as central mediators of systemic infl ammatory responses. Thromb Res. 2011;127(5):391–394. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.10.013 Epub 2010 Nov 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipets EN, Antonova OA, Shustov ON, Losenkova KV, Mazurov AV. Ataullakhanov FI. Use of Thrombodynamics for revealing the participation of platelet, erythrocyte, endothelial, and monocyte microparticles in coagulation activation and propagation. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0227932. doi: org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227932</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipets EN, Antonova OA, Shustov ON, Losenkova KV, Mazurov AV. Ataullakhanov FI. Use of Thrombodynamics for revealing the participation of platelet, erythrocyte, endothelial, and monocyte microparticles in coagulation activation and propagation. PLOS ONE. 2020;15(5):e0227932. doi: org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227932</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prinz M, Tay Tuan Leng, Wolf Y, Young S. Microglia: unique and common features with other tissue macrophages. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;128(3):319–331. doi: 10.1007/s00401-014-1267-1 Epub 2014 Mar 21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prinz M, Tay Tuan Leng, Wolf Y, Young S. Microglia: unique and common features with other tissue macrophages. Acta Neuropathol. 2014;128(3):319–331. doi: 10.1007/s00401-014-1267-1 Epub 2014 Mar 21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boche D, Perry VH, Nicoll JA. Review: activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 2013;39(1):3–18. doi: 10.1111/nan.12011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boche D, Perry VH, Nicoll JA. Review: activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 2013;39(1):3–18. doi: 10.1111/nan.12011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Réus GZ, Fries GR, Stertz L, Badawy M, Passos IC, Barichello T, Quevedo J. The role of inflammation and microglial activation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience. 2015;300:141–154. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Réus GZ, Fries GR, Stertz L, Badawy M, Passos IC, Barichello T, Quevedo J. The role of inflammation and microglial activation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Neuroscience. 2015;300:141–154. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu X, Leak RK, Shi Y, Suenaga J, Gao Y, Zheng P, Chen J. Microglial and macrophage polarization new prospects for brain repair. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2015;11:56– 64. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu X, Leak RK, Shi Y, Suenaga J, Gao Y, Zheng P, Chen J. Microglial and macrophage polarization new prospects for brain repair. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2015;11:56– 64. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2014.207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beumer W, Gibney SM, Drexhage RC, Pont-Lezica L, Doorduin J, Klein HC, Steiner J, Connor TJ, Harkin A, Versnel MA, Drexhage HA. The immune theory of psychiatric diseases: a key role for activated microglia and circulating monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2012;92:959–975. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0212100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beumer W, Gibney SM, Drexhage RC, Pont-Lezica L, Doorduin J, Klein HC, Steiner J, Connor TJ, Harkin A, Versnel MA, Drexhage HA. The immune theory of psychiatric diseases: a key role for activated microglia and circulating monocytes. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2012;92:959–975. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0212100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner J, Bogerts B, Sarnyai Z, Walter M, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Myint AM. Bridging the gap between the immune and glutamate hypotheses of schizophrenia and major depression: potential role of glial NMDA receptor modulators and impaired blood-brain barrier integrity. World J. Biol. Psychiatry. 2011;13(7):482–492. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2011.583941 Epub 2011 Jun 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner J, Bogerts B, Sarnyai Z, Walter M, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Myint AM. Bridging the gap between the immune and glutamate hypotheses of schizophrenia and major depression: potential role of glial NMDA receptor modulators and impaired blood-brain barrier integrity. World J. Biol. Psychiatry. 2011;13(7):482–492. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2011.583941 Epub 2011 Jun 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shechter R, London A, Varol C, Raposo C, Cusimano M, Yovel G, Rolls A, Mack M, Pluchino S, Martino G, Jung S, Schwartz M. Inltrating blood-derived macrophages are vital cells playing an anti-inflammatory role in recovery from spinal cord injury in mice. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shechter R, London A, Varol C, Raposo C, Cusimano M, Yovel G, Rolls A, Mack M, Pluchino S, Martino G, Jung S, Schwartz M. Inltrating blood-derived macrophages are vital cells playing an anti-inflammatory role in recovery from spinal cord injury in mice. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000113. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stamatovic SM, Dimitrijevic OB, Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV. Inflammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006;96:444–450. doi: 10.1007/3-211-30714-1_91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stamatovic SM, Dimitrijevic OB, Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV. Inflammation and brain edema: new insights into the role of chemokines and their receptors. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006;96:444–450. doi: 10.1007/3-211-30714-1_91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ransohoff RM, Perry VH. Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:119. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ransohoff RM, Perry VH. Microglial physiology: unique stimuli, specialized responses. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:119. doi: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132528</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leboyer M, Soreca I, Scott J, Frye M, Henry Ch, Tamouza R, Kupfer DJ. Can bipolar disorder be viewed as a multi-system inflammatory disease? J Affect Disord. 2012;141(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leboyer M, Soreca I, Scott J, Frye M, Henry Ch, Tamouza R, Kupfer DJ. Can bipolar disorder be viewed as a multi-system inflammatory disease? J Affect Disord. 2012;141(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stuart MJ, Singhal G, Baune BT. Systematic Review of the Neurobiological Relevance of Chemokines to Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9(10):357–383. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00357</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stuart MJ, Singhal G, Baune BT. Systematic Review of the Neurobiological Relevance of Chemokines to Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015;9(10):357–383. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00357</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wohleb ES, Hanke ML, Corona AW, Powell ND, Stiner LM, Bailey MT, Nelson RJ, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. β-Adrenergic receptor antagonism prevents anxietylike behavior and microglial reactivity induced by repeated social defeat. J. Neurosci. 2011;31:6277– 6288. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0450-11.2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wohleb ES, Hanke ML, Corona AW, Powell ND, Stiner LM, Bailey MT, Nelson RJ, Godbout JP, Sheridan JF. β-Adrenergic receptor antagonism prevents anxietylike behavior and microglial reactivity induced by repeated social defeat. J. Neurosci. 2011;31:6277– 6288. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0450-11.2011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Weitzsch C, Eckhoff D, Kirchner H. Immunological dysfunction in schizophrenia: a systematic approach. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;37(4):186–193. doi: 10.1159/000026501</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Weitzsch C, Eckhoff D, Kirchner H. Immunological dysfunction in schizophrenia: a systematic approach. Neuropsychobiology. 1998;37(4):186–193. doi: 10.1159/000026501</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, Jones PB. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(3):258–270. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366 (14)00122-9 Epub 2015 Feb 25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, Jones PB. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(3):258–270. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366 (14)00122-9 Epub 2015 Feb 25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Webers A, Heneka MT, Gleasson PA. The role of innate immune responses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2020;98(1):28–41. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12301 Epub 2019 Nov 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Webers A, Heneka MT, Gleasson PA. The role of innate immune responses and neuroinflammation in amyloid accumulation and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2020;98(1):28–41. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12301 Epub 2019 Nov 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer’s disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev. 2001;81(2):741–766. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.741</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer’s disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev. 2001;81(2):741–766. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.741</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuroff L, Daley D, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Clearance of cerebral Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(12):2167–2201. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2463-7 Epub 2017 Feb 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuroff L, Daley D, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Clearance of cerebral Aβ in Alzheimer’s disease: reassessing the role of microglia and monocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(12):2167–2201. doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2463-7 Epub 2017 Feb 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JW, Lee YK, Yuk DY, Choi DY, Ban SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment through enhancement of beta-amyloid generation. J Neuroin- fl ammation. 2008;5:37. Published online 2008 Aug 29. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JW, Lee YK, Yuk DY, Choi DY, Ban SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment through enhancement of beta-amyloid generation. J Neuroin- fl ammation. 2008;5:37. Published online 2008 Aug 29. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Latz E. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:463–477. doi: 10.1038/nri3705</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Latz E. Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:463–477. doi: 10.1038/nri3705</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sastre M, Walter J, Gentleman SM. Interactions between APP secretases and inflammatory mediators. J Neuroinfl ammation. 2008;5:article 25. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sastre M, Walter J, Gentleman SM. Interactions between APP secretases and inflammatory mediators. J Neuroinfl ammation. 2008;5:article 25. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-5-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kounnas MZ, Danks AM, Cheng S, Tyree C, Ackerman E, Zhang X, Ahn K, Nguyen P, Comer D, Mao L, Yu C, Pleynet D, Digregorio PJ, Velicelebi G, Stauderman KA, Comer WT, Mobley WC, Li YM, Sisodia SS, Tanzi RE, Wagner SL. Modulation of γ-Secretase Reduces β-Amyloid Deposition in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuron. 2010;67(5):769–780. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kounnas MZ, Danks AM, Cheng S, Tyree C, Ackerman E, Zhang X, Ahn K, Nguyen P, Comer D, Mao L, Yu C, Pleynet D, Digregorio PJ, Velicelebi G, Stauderman KA, Comer WT, Mobley WC, Li YM, Sisodia SS, Tanzi RE, Wagner SL. Modulation of γ-Secretase Reduces β-Amyloid Deposition in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuron. 2010;67(5):769–780. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asuni AA, Guridi M, Pankiewicz JE, Sanchez S, Sadowski MJ. Modulation of amyloid precursor protein expression reduces β-amyloid deposition in a mouse model. Annals of Neurology. 2014;75(5):684–699. doi: 10.1002/ana.24149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asuni AA, Guridi M, Pankiewicz JE, Sanchez S, Sadowski MJ. Modulation of amyloid precursor protein expression reduces β-amyloid deposition in a mouse model. Annals of Neurology. 2014;75(5):684–699. doi: 10.1002/ana.24149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science. 2002;297(5580):353–356. doi: 10.1126/science.1072994</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science. 2002;297(5580):353–356. doi: 10.1126/science.1072994</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Секирина ТП, Сарманова ЗВ, Васильева ЕФ, Михайлова НМ, Пономарева ЕВ, Брусов ОС, Клюшник ТП. Иммунофенотипическая характеристика моноцитов периферической крови пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера и синдромом мягкого когнитивного снижения. Психиатрия. 2018;4(80):53–59. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2018-80-53-59 Sekirina TP, Sarmanova ZV, Vasilyeva EF, Mikhaylova NM, Ponomareva EV, Brusov OS, Klyushnik TP. Immunophenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment syndrome. Psikhiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya). 2018;(80):53–59. (In Russ.). doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2018-80-53-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Секирина ТП, Сарманова ЗВ, Васильева ЕФ, Михайлова НМ, Пономарева ЕВ, Брусов ОС, Клюшник ТП. Иммунофенотипическая характеристика моноцитов периферической крови пациентов с болезнью Альцгеймера и синдромом мягкого когнитивного снижения. Психиатрия. 2018;4(80):53–59. doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2018-80-53-59 Sekirina TP, Sarmanova ZV, Vasilyeva EF, Mikhaylova NM, Ponomareva EV, Brusov OS, Klyushnik TP. Immunophenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood monocytes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment syndrome. Psikhiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya). 2018;(80):53–59. (In Russ.). doi: 10.30629/2618-6667-2018-80-53-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith JA, Das A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Research Bulletin. 2012;87(1):10– 20. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith JA, Das A, Ray SK, Banik NL. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Research Bulletin. 2012;87(1):10– 20. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.10.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hawkes CA, McLaurin J. Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of beta-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(4):1261–1266. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805453106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hawkes CA, McLaurin J. Selective targeting of perivascular macrophages for clearance of beta-amyloid in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106(4):1261–1266. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0805453106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michaud JP, Bellavance MA, Prefontaine P, Rivest S. Real-time in vivo imaging reveals the ability of monocytes to clear vascular amyloid beta. Cell Rep. 2013;5(3):646–653. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michaud JP, Bellavance MA, Prefontaine P, Rivest S. Real-time in vivo imaging reveals the ability of monocytes to clear vascular amyloid beta. Cell Rep. 2013;5(3):646–653. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebson L, Nash K, Kamath S, Herber D, Carty N, Lee DC, Li Q, Szekeres K, Jinwal U, Koren J, Dickey CA, Gottschall PE, Morgan D, Gordon MN. Trafficking CD11b-positive blood cells deliver therapeutic genes to the brain of amyloid-depositing transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2010;30(29):9651–9658. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0329-10.2010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebson L, Nash K, Kamath S, Herber D, Carty N, Lee DC, Li Q, Szekeres K, Jinwal U, Koren J, Dickey CA, Gottschall PE, Morgan D, Gordon MN. Trafficking CD11b-positive blood cells deliver therapeutic genes to the brain of amyloid-depositing transgenic mice. J Neurosci. 2010;30(29):9651–9658. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0329-10.2010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernstein KE, Koronyo Y, Salumbides BC, Sheyn J, Pelissier L, Lopes DH, Shah KH, Bernstein EA, Fuchs DT, Yu JJ, Pham M, Black KL, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression in myelomonocytes prevents Alzheimer’s-like cognitive decline. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(3):1000–1012. doi: 10.1172/JCI6654</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein KE, Koronyo Y, Salumbides BC, Sheyn J, Pelissier L, Lopes DH, Shah KH, Bernstein EA, Fuchs DT, Yu JJ, Pham M, Black KL, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme overexpression in myelomonocytes prevents Alzheimer’s-like cognitive decline. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(3):1000–1012. doi: 10.1172/JCI6654</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hemming ML, Selkoe DJ. Amyloid beta-protein is degraded by cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and elevated by an ACE inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(45):37644–37650. doi: 10.1074/jbc. M508460200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hemming ML, Selkoe DJ. Amyloid beta-protein is degraded by cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and elevated by an ACE inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(45):37644–37650. doi: 10.1074/jbc. M508460200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zou K, Yamaguchi H, Akatsu H, Sakamoto T, Ko M, Mizoguchi K, Gong JS, Yu W, Yamamoto T, Kosaka K, Yanagisawa K, Michikawa M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme converts amyloid beta-protein 1–42 (Abeta(1–42)) to Abeta(1–40), and its inhibition enhances brain Abeta deposition. J Neurosci. 2007;27(32):8628–8635. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1549-07.2007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zou K, Yamaguchi H, Akatsu H, Sakamoto T, Ko M, Mizoguchi K, Gong JS, Yu W, Yamamoto T, Kosaka K, Yanagisawa K, Michikawa M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme converts amyloid beta-protein 1–42 (Abeta(1–42)) to Abeta(1–40), and its inhibition enhances brain Abeta deposition. J Neurosci. 2007;27(32):8628–8635. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1549-07.2007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manafikhi R, Haik MB, Lahdo R, Al Quobaili F. Plasma amyloid β levels in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal controls in Syrian population. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021;35:19. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.35.19 eCollection 2021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manafikhi R, Haik MB, Lahdo R, Al Quobaili F. Plasma amyloid β levels in Alzheimer’s disease and cognitively normal controls in Syrian population. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021;35:19. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.35.19 eCollection 2021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ascoli BM, Parisi MM, Bristot G, Antqueviezc B, Géa LP, Colombo R, Kapczinski F, Guma FTCR, Brietzke E, Barbé-Tuana FM, Rosa AR. Attenuated inflammatory response of monocyte-derived macrophage from patients with BD: a preliminary report. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2019;7(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40345-019-0148-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ascoli BM, Parisi MM, Bristot G, Antqueviezc B, Géa LP, Colombo R, Kapczinski F, Guma FTCR, Brietzke E, Barbé-Tuana FM, Rosa AR. Attenuated inflammatory response of monocyte-derived macrophage from patients with BD: a preliminary report. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2019;7(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40345-019-0148-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wachowicz B. Blood platelet as a peripheral cell in oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders In: Dietrich-Muszalska A, Chauhan V, Grignon S, Editors. Studies on psychiatric disorders, oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice. New York: Springer, 2015:327–354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wachowicz B. Blood platelet as a peripheral cell in oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders In: Dietrich-Muszalska A, Chauhan V, Grignon S, Editors. Studies on psychiatric disorders, oxidative stress in applied basic research and clinical practice. New York: Springer, 2015:327–354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nemeroff CB, Musselman DL. Are platelets the link between depression and ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J. 2000;140:57–62. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2000.109978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemeroff CB, Musselman DL. Are platelets the link between depression and ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J. 2000;140:57–62. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2000.109978</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoirisch-Clapauch SH, Nardi AE, Gris JC, Brenner B. Coagulation and mental disorders. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014;5(4):e0036. eCollection 2014 Oct. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10170</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoirisch-Clapauch SH, Nardi AE, Gris JC, Brenner B. Coagulation and mental disorders. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014;5(4):e0036. eCollection 2014 Oct. doi: 10.5041/RMMJ.10170</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wiltink J, Till Y, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, Münzel T, Blankenberg S, Michal M. Prevalence of distress, comorbid conditions and well being in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):429–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.041 Epub 2010 Nov 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wiltink J, Till Y, Ojeda FM, Wild PS, Münzel T, Blankenberg S, Michal M. Prevalence of distress, comorbid conditions and well being in the general population. J Affect Disord. 2011;130(3):429–437. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.041 Epub 2010 Nov 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kannan M, Ahmad F, Saxena R. Platelet activation markers in evaluation of thrombotic risk factors in various clinical settings. Blood Rev. 2019;37:100583. Epub 2019 May 22. PMID: 31133440. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.05.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kannan M, Ahmad F, Saxena R. Platelet activation markers in evaluation of thrombotic risk factors in various clinical settings. Blood Rev. 2019;37:100583. Epub 2019 May 22. PMID: 31133440. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.05.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Linden MD. Platelet Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;992:241–262. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-339-8_18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linden MD. Platelet Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;992:241–262. doi: 10.1007/978-1-62703-339-8_18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellis M, Al-Ramadi B, Hedström U, Frampton C, Alizadeh H, Kristensen. J. Signicance of the CC chemokine RANTES in patients with haematological malignancy: Results from a prospective observational study. Br J Haematol. 2005;128:482–489. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05350.x PMID: 15686455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellis M, Al-Ramadi B, Hedström U, Frampton C, Alizadeh H, Kristensen. J. Signicance of the CC chemokine RANTES in patients with haematological malignancy: Results from a prospective observational study. Br J Haematol. 2005;128:482–489. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05350.x PMID: 15686455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haynes A, Linden MD, Robey E, Naylor LH, Cox KL, Lautenschlager NT, Green DJ. Relationship between monocyte-platelet aggregation and endothelial function in middle-aged and elderly adults. Physiol Rep. 2017;5(10):e13189. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haynes A, Linden MD, Robey E, Naylor LH, Cox KL, Lautenschlager NT, Green DJ. Relationship between monocyte-platelet aggregation and endothelial function in middle-aged and elderly adults. Physiol Rep. 2017;5(10):e13189. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hui H, Fuller K, Erber WN, Linden MD. Measurement of monocyte-platelet aggregates by imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry Part A. 2015;87:(3):273–278. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.22587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hui H, Fuller K, Erber WN, Linden MD. Measurement of monocyte-platelet aggregates by imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry Part A. 2015;87:(3):273–278. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.22587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smyth SS, McEver RP, Weyrich AS, Morrell CN, Hoffman MR, Arepally GM, French PA, Dauerman HL, Bec ker RC. Platelet functions beyond hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(11):1759–1766. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03586.x Epub 2009 Aug 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smyth SS, McEver RP, Weyrich AS, Morrell CN, Hoffman MR, Arepally GM, French PA, Dauerman HL, Bec ker RC. Platelet functions beyond hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(11):1759–1766. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03586.x Epub 2009 Aug 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarma J, Laan CA, Alam S, Jha A, Fox AKA, Dransfield I. Increased platelet binding to circulating monocytes in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2002;105(18):2166–2171. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000015700.27754.6f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarma J, Laan CA, Alam S, Jha A, Fox AKA, Dransfield I. Increased platelet binding to circulating monocytes in acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2002;105(18):2166–2171. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000015700.27754.6f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belhassena I, Nouari W, Messaoud A, Nouar M, Brahimi M, Lamara SC, Aribi M. Aspirin enhances regulatory functional activities of monocytes and downregulates CD16 and CD40 expression in myocardial infarction autoinflammatory disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;83:106349. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belhassena I, Nouari W, Messaoud A, Nouar M, Brahimi M, Lamara SC, Aribi M. Aspirin enhances regulatory functional activities of monocytes and downregulates CD16 and CD40 expression in myocardial infarction autoinflammatory disease. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;83:106349. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106349</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horstman LL, Jy W, Ahn YS. Microparticle size and its relation to composition, functional activity, and clinical significance. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010;36(8):876– 880. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1267041 Epub 2010 Nov 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horstman LL, Jy W, Ahn YS. Microparticle size and its relation to composition, functional activity, and clinical significance. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2010;36(8):876– 880. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1267041 Epub 2010 Nov 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams MS, Rogers HL, Wang N-Y, Ziegelstein RC. Do platelet-derived microparticles play a role in depression, inflammation, and acute coronary syndrome? Psychosomatics. 2014;55(3):252–260. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.09.004 Epub 2013 Dec 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams MS, Rogers HL, Wang N-Y, Ziegelstein RC. Do platelet-derived microparticles play a role in depression, inflammation, and acute coronary syndrome? Psychosomatics. 2014;55(3):252–260. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.09.004 Epub 2013 Dec 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mobarrez FR, Johansson V, Hultman CM, Wallén H, Landén M, Wetterberg L. Microparticles and microscopic structures in three fractions of fresh cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia: case report of twins. Schizophr Res. 2013;143(1):192–197. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.030 Epub 2012 Nov 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mobarrez FR, Johansson V, Hultman CM, Wallén H, Landén M, Wetterberg L. Microparticles and microscopic structures in three fractions of fresh cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia: case report of twins. Schizophr Res. 2013;143(1):192–197. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.10.030 Epub 2012 Nov 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hosseinzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mortaz E, Mousavizadeh K. Plasma microparticles in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of vascular dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis. 2018;33(1):293–299. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0149-3 Epub 2017 Dec 5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hosseinzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mortaz E, Mousavizadeh K. Plasma microparticles in Alzheimer’s disease: The role of vascular dysfunction. Metab Brain Dis. 2018;33(1):293–299. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0149-3 Epub 2017 Dec 5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Z, Tang Y, Qin C. Increased circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Thromb Res. 2017;154:1925. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.03.025 Epub 2017 Apr 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Z, Tang Y, Qin C. Increased circulating leukocyte-derived microparticles in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Thromb Res. 2017;154:1925. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.03.025 Epub 2017 Apr 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magalhães CA, Campos FM, Loures CMG, Fraga VG, de Souza LC, Guimarães HC, Cinta MTG, Bicalho MA, Carvalho MG, Sousa LP, Caramelli P, Gomes KB. Microparticles are related to cognitive and functional status from normal aging to dementia. J Neuroimmunol. 2019;336:577027. Epub 2019 Aug. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magalhães CA, Campos FM, Loures CMG, Fraga VG, de Souza LC, Guimarães HC, Cinta MTG, Bicalho MA, Carvalho MG, Sousa LP, Caramelli P, Gomes KB. Microparticles are related to cognitive and functional status from normal aging to dementia. J Neuroimmunol. 2019;336:577027. Epub 2019 Aug. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусов ОС, Олейчик ИВ, Фактор МИ, Карпова НС, Сизов СВ, Юнилайнен ОА. Тромбодинамические показатели гиперкоагуляции плазмы крови у больных с аффективным заболеванием и шизофренией в стадии обострения. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. 2018;118(10):41–45. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811810153 Brusov OS, Oleichik IV, Faktor MI, Karpova NS, Sizov SV, Yunilaynen OA. Thrombodynamic parameters of hypercoagulability in patients with affective disorder and schizophrenia in a state of exacerbation. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry/Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2018;118(10):41–45. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811810153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брусов ОС, Олейчик ИВ, Фактор МИ, Карпова НС, Сизов СВ, Юнилайнен ОА. Тромбодинамические показатели гиперкоагуляции плазмы крови у больных с аффективным заболеванием и шизофренией в стадии обострения. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. 2018;118(10):41–45. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811810153 Brusov OS, Oleichik IV, Faktor MI, Karpova NS, Sizov SV, Yunilaynen OA. Thrombodynamic parameters of hypercoagulability in patients with affective disorder and schizophrenia in a state of exacerbation. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry/Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2018;118(10):41–45. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811810153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусов ОС, Карпова НС, Фактор МИ, Сизов СВ, Олейчик ИВ. Снижение прокоагулянтной активности плазмы больных шизофренией при фармакотерапии: тромбодинамические параметры коагуляции до и после терапии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. 2019;119(10):51–55. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911910151 Brusov OS, Karpova NS, Faktor MI, Sizov SV, Oleichik IV. Reduction of plasma procoagulant activity in patients with schizophrenia during pharmacotherapy: thrombodynamic parameters of coagulation before and after treatment. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry/Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2019;119(10):51–55. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911910151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брусов ОС, Карпова НС, Фактор МИ, Сизов СВ, Олейчик ИВ. Снижение прокоагулянтной активности плазмы больных шизофренией при фармакотерапии: тромбодинамические параметры коагуляции до и после терапии. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени С.С. Корсакова. 2019;119(10):51–55. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911910151 Brusov OS, Karpova NS, Faktor MI, Sizov SV, Oleichik IV. Reduction of plasma procoagulant activity in patients with schizophrenia during pharmacotherapy: thrombodynamic parameters of coagulation before and after treatment. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry/Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2019;119(10):51–55. (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/jnevro201911910151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
