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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-1-67-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-780</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрокогнитивный дефицит у пациентов с расстройствами шизофренического спектра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurocognitive Deficit in Patients with Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-6208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Николаевна Петрова, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliia N. Petrova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Psychiatry and Narcology Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrova_nn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марарица</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mararitsa</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Валерьевна Марарица, ординатор, кафедра психиатрии и наркологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Mararitsa, Resident, Psychiatry and Narcology Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрова Н.Н., Марарица В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрова Н.Н., Марарица В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrova N.N., Mararitsa V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/780">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/780</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: когнитивные нарушения признаются ключевыми при шизофрении и рассматриваются в качестве потенциальных маркеров прогрессирования заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучить структуру нейрокогнитивного дефицита и факторы риска развития патологии шизофренического спектра.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы: обследованы 42 пациента с диагнозом «Шизотипическое расстройство» (F21.3–21.5 по МКБ-10, n = 20) и «Параноидная шизофрения» (F20.00 по МКБ-10, n = 22). В контрольную группу вошли 20 человек без признаков психической патологии. В кросс-секционном исследовании использованы методики оценки когнитивного функционирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: больных с шизотипическим расстройством и параноидной шизофренией объединяет дефицит скорости обработки информации, вербальной, зрительной и рабочей памяти, исполнительных функций при достаточно сохранных зрительно-конструктивных навыках. Активность внимания, в том числе устойчивость и переключаемость (исполнительные функции), эффективность долговременного запоминания, зрительно-пространственные способности у пациентов с шизотипическим расстройством нарушены в меньшей степени по сравнению с больными параноидной шизофренией. Выявлена связь между отягощенной наследственностью и сниженными результатами методики «Фигура Рея–Остеррица»; частотой обращения за медицинской помощью и показателем теста слежения «ТМТ-В». При сравнении когнитивных показателей у пациентов, принимающих антипсихотические препараты только первого или второго поколения, и больных с антипсихотической политерапией не было выявлено значимых различий.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: пациенты с шизотипическим расстройством демонстрируют схожий по структуре, но в целом менее выраженный нейрокогнитивный дефицит по сравнению с больными шизофренией. Имеется прямая связь между степенью дефицита зрительно-пространственных навыков и семейным риском психоза. Частота обращения за медицинской помощью (неблагоприятное течение заболевания) ассоциирована с ухудшением исполнительных функций. Антипсихотическая политерапия не является значимым фактором развития когнитивных расстройств.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: cognitive disorders are considered as key disfunctions in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and as risk factors of schizophrenia.</p><p>The aim of study was to examine neurocognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders, its structure and risk factors of schizophrenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods: 42 patients were examined with the diagnosis of “schizotypal disorder” (F21.3–21.5 according to ICD-10, n = 20) and “paranoid schizophrenia” (F20.00 according to ICD-10, n = 22). The control group included 20 people who had no signs of mental disorder. Cross-sectional study used methods for cognitive functions assessment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: patients with schizotypal disorder and paranoid schizophrenia are united by a deficit in the speed of processing, in verbal, visual and working memory, executive functions with sufficiently preserved visual-constructive abilities. In patients with the schizotypal disorder, compared with patients with paranoid schizophrenia, sustained attention and taskswitching ability, the effectiveness of long-term memorization and visual-spatial abilities are preserved to a greater extent. We found a correlation between burdened heredity and reduced results of the “Ray–Osterritz figure” technique and between the frequency of seeking medical help and the indicator of the “TMT-B” tracking test. Patients with schizotypal disorder are more likely to received more than one antipsychotic. The cognitive functioning of patients taking first/second generation antipsychotic drugs or their combination does not differ.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: patients with schizotypal disorder show similar, but in contrast to patients with paranoid schizophrenia, less pronounced cognitive impairment. There is a link between the degree of visual-spatial ability and the family risk of psychosis. The frequency of seeking medical help (unfavorable course of the disease) is associated with task-switching ability. Antipsychotic polypharmacotherapy, subject to dosages, is not a significant factor in cognitive disorders.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейрокогнитивный дефицит</kwd><kwd>шизотипическое расстройство</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>антипсихотики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neurocognitive defi cit</kwd><kwd>schizotypal disorder</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>antipsychotics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breier A. Cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and its neurochemical basis. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1999;37:16–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breier A. Cognitive deficit in schizophrenia and its neurochemical basis. 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