psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-1-120-128psychiatry-785Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSСекулярные тренды психического здоровья детей и подростковSecular Trends in Child and Adolescent Mental Healthhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-0691СлободскаяЕ. Р.SlobodskayaH. R.

Елена Романовна Слободская, кандидат медицинских наук, доктор психологических наук

Новосибирск

Helena R. Slobodskaya, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Dr. of Sci. (Psychol.)

Novosibirsk

hslob@physiol.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медициныРоссияScientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineRussian Federation202202042022201120128Copyright © Слободская Е.Р., 20222022Слободская Е.Р.Slobodskaya H.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/785Обоснование

Обоснование: Изучение секулярных (временных) трендов психического здоровья детей и подростков является относительно новым направлением исследований в мировой психиатрии. Предварительное обобщение недавних публикаций на эту тему необходимо для формирования представления об основных тенденциях и разработки дальнейшего изучения проблемы.

Цель

Цель: анализ сведений об изменениях распространенности и выраженности психиатрических проблем у детей и подростков за прошедшие десятилетия.

Методы

Методы: по ключевым словам «секулярные тренды, secular trends», «временнные тренды, time trends», «психическое здоровье детей и подростков, child and adolescent mental health» и сходным терминам проведен поиск публикаций в базах PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, РИНЦ и других источниках. Проанализированы имеющиеся сведения о распространенности и устойчивости психиатрических проблем у детей и подростков в разных странах, о значимости проблем психического здоровья в детском и подростковом возрасте для здоровья и благополучия на протяжении дальнейшей жизни. Рассмотрены методологические аспекты исследований секулярных трендов, включая широко распространенные стандартизованные методы оценки психического здоровья детей и подростков. Проанализированы полученные в разных странах сведения о секулярных трендах уровня компетентности в вопросах психического здоровья детей и подростков и возможных причинах выявленных изменений.

Заключение

Заключение: за последние годы во многих, но не во всех, странах снижается распространенность антисоциального поведения подростков и употребление ими психоактивных веществ. В развитых странах возрастает распространенность аффективных проблем и связанное с ними обращение за помощью в службы психического здоровья. Полученные в исследованиях сведения могут прояснить механизмы развития психической патологии, выявить возможные причины отклонений и дать важные ориентиры для разработки практических программ, направленных на укрепление психического здоровья детей и подростков. С учетом ключевых концептуальных и методологических аспектов такого рода оценки важны для принятия оперативных мер в организации служб психологической и психиатрической помощи.

Background

Background: The study of secular trends in child and adolescent mental health is a relatively new research direction in world psychiatry. Preliminary summary of recent publications on this topic is necessary for understanding of overall tendencies and further study of problem.

The aim

The aim: to evaluate studies of secular trends in child and adolescent mental health examining changes in the prevalence and levels of psychiatric problems during the past decades.

Methods

Methods: search for scientific articles using the keywords “secular trends”, “time trends”, “child and adolescent mental health” and similar terms in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and other databases. The findings on the prevalence and persistence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders in different countries are summarised, as well as the impact of child and adolescent mental health problems on health and well-being across the life course. The methodological aspects of research on secular trends are highlighted; widely used standardised measures for assessing child and adolescent mental health are presented. The findings on secular trends in child and adolescent competencies and levels of mental health problems in different countries are summarised along with possible causes of identified changes.

Conclusion

Conclusion: over the last two decades, there was a decrease in adolescent antisocial behavior and substance use in many, but not all, countries worldwide. In developed countries, the prevalence of affective problems increased along with associated help seeking from mental health services. If key conceptual and methodological challenges can be addressed, research on secular trends may shed light on the mechanisms involved in the development of mental health, identify possible causes of disturbance and provide important pointers for the development of intervention programmes that focus on promoting child and adolescent mental health.

секулярные трендывременные трендыпсихическое здоровьедети и подросткиэмоциональные и поведенческие проблемыупотребление психоактивных веществsecular trendstime trendschild and adolescent mental healthemotional and behavioural problemssubstance useРабота выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда, проект 21-15-00033The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant # 21-15-00033ReferencesCortina MA. A public health response to mental health. In: E. Taylor et al. (eds) Mental health and illness of children and adolescents. Mental health and illness worldwide (pp. 657–669). Springer, Singapore, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0753-8_53-1Cortina MA. A public health response to mental health. In: E. Taylor et al. (eds) Mental health and illness of children and adolescents. Mental health and illness worldwide (pp. 657–669). Springer, Singapore, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0753-8_53-1Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.