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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-2-117-127</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-832</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К выделению понятия самосознания в психиатрии: концепция J.Ch. Reil</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>To the Delineation of the Notion of Self-Consciousness in Psychiatry: J.Ch. Reil’s Concept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-8544</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пятницкий</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyatnitskiy</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Юрьевич Пятницкий, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay Yu. Pyatnitskiy, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">piatnits09@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пятницкий Н.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пятницкий Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pyatnitskiy N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/832">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/832</self-uri><abstract><p>P. Janet, J. Reil и некоторых других авторов. Заключение: G.E. Berrios говорит лишь о двух приоритетных школах XIX в., развивавших феноменологию сознания и самосознания: французской и английской, в то время как проведенный анализ источников позволил установить, что уже в 1803 г. немецкий физиолог, анатом и психиатр J. Reil представил оригинальную концепцию самосознания (Selbstbewusstsein) и его отклонений, по психопатологической тонкости не уступающей возникшим значительно позднее концепциям H. Dagonet (1884, 1894) и K. Jaspers (1913). J. Reil выделял следующие свойства самосознания: 1) «принадлежность себе»; 2) соединение впечатлений воедино; 3) отграничение «Я» и «не-Я». Согласно J. Reil, нервная система соединяет все части нашего тела воедино в своем «главном фокусе» — головном мозге, подобно этому и дух стремится в переработке разнообразных впечатлений к единству. Состояние самосознания изменчиво, J. Reil выделял его изменчивость по пяти признакам: потере способности с необходимой ясностью отличать субъект и объект; преобладанию объекта с погружением субъекта «в полутьму»; чрезмерному освещению субъекта с соответствующим «затенением» внешнего мира; ориентировке «Я» во времени и в пространстве; «сознанию прошлого», или континуальности «Я». В отношении болезненных состояний самосознания J. Reil несколько видоизменил эти признаки на: 1) расстройства самосознания «объективности»; 2) расстройства «субъективности» и собственной личности, где в качестве одного из особых вариантов расстройства самосознания субъективности описал феномены, позднее обозначенные термином «деперсонализация»; 3) расстройства душевного и телесного единства; 4) расстройства континуальности самосознания (соответствующий критерию «идентичности Я» K. Jaspers); 5) неверное отражение места и времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim was to establish the rst authors of the notion and the conception of depersonalization in psychiatry, to analyze the criteria (signs) of normal and disordered consciousness in its “primary” concept. Method: the analysis of scientic works of G.E. Berrios, M. Sierra, A.A. Megrabjan, W. Maier-Gross, K. Haug, K. Oesterreich, P. Schilder, K. Jaspers, H. Dagonet, Th. Ribot, P. Janet, J. Reil and some other authors. Conclusion: although G.E. Berrios mentioned only two priority “schools” of the ΧΙΧ century developing phenomenology of consciousness and self-consciousness: French and English, we discovered that already in 1803 German physiologist, anatomist and psychiatrist J. Reil presented the original concept of self-consciousness (Selbstbewusstsein) and its deviations that in his psychopathological subtlety of elaboration did not yield to the originated much later concepts of H. Dagonet (1884, 1894) and K. Jaspers (1913). J. Reil highlighted the following properties of self-consciousness: 1) “belonging to oneself”; 2) connection of impressions in unity; 3) demarcation of “I and not I”. According to J. Reil, the nervous system compounds all parts of our body in unity in one main focal point: the brain, similarly the soul strives to processing of various impressions in unity. The state of consciousness is changeable, J. Reil marked its changeability according to ve signs: the loss of ability with necessary clarity for differentiation of subject and object; the predominance of the object with plunge into semi- darkness of the subject; the excessive lighting of the subject with corresponding shading of the external world; I-orientation in time and space; “consciousness of the past”, or continuity of “I”. Concerning the disorders of the state of self-consciousness J. Reil slightly modied these signs in: 1) the disorders of self-consciousness of “objectivity”; 2) the disorders of “subjectivity and own personality”, as a special kind of disorders of subjectivity J. Reil decribed the phenomena that later were designated by the term “depersonalization”; 3) the disorders of the soul and body unity; 4) disorders of continuity of self-consciousness (corresponding to the criterion of “I-identity” of K. Jaspers); 5) wrong reection of place and time.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>критерии самосознания</kwd><kwd>расстройства самосознания</kwd><kwd>J. Reil</kwd><kwd>деперсонализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the criteria of self-consciousness</kwd><kwd>disorders of self-consciousness</kwd><kwd>J. Reil</kwd><kwd>depersonalization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berrios GE. 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