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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-3-47-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-860</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Маркеры системного воспаления в оценке эффективности нейрокогнитивной реабилитации у пожилых пациентов с мягким когнитивным снижением</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Markers of Systemic Inflammation in Assessing the Effectiveness of Neurocognitive Rehabilitation in Aged Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмышев</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmyshev</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Витальевич Курмышев, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat V. Kurmyshev, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5086773@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5390-6007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зозуля</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zozulya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Зозуля, кандидат биологических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Zozulya, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.ermakova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-7216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Вячеславовна Захарова, кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Zakharova, PhD, Cand. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory, Scienti c and Clinical Research Center of Neuropsychiatry</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nataliza80@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3805-332X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бархатова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barkhatova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Николаевна Бархатова, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом по изучению эндогенных психических расстройств и аффективных состояний</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra N. Barkhatova, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department for the Study of Endogenous Mental Disorders and Affective States</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abarkhatova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-7126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифорова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Юрьевна Никифорова, кандидат медицинских наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina Yu. Nikiforova, Сand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inikiforova.art@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-3864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюшник</surname><given-names>Т. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyushnik</surname><given-names>T. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Павловна Клюшник, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель лаборатории нейроиммунологии, директор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana P. Klyushnik, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Director</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klushnik2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Alexeev Psychiatric Hospital #1, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI “Mental Health Research Centre”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-клинический исследовательский центр нейропсихиатрии, ГБУЗ «Психиатрическая клиническая больница №1 им. Н.А. Алексеева Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.A. Alexeev Psychiatric Hospital #1, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курмышев М.В., Зозуля С.А., Захарова Н.В., Бархатова А.Н., Никифорова И.Ю., Клюшник Т.П., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курмышев М.В., Зозуля С.А., Захарова Н.В., Бархатова А.Н., Никифорова И.Ю., Клюшник Т.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurmyshev M.V., Zozulya S.A., Zakharova N.V., Barkhatova A.N., Nikiforova I.Y., Klyushnik T.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/860">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/860</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснование: результаты предыдущих исследований свидетельствуют о том, что уровень активации воспалительных реакций на периферии коррелирует с тяжестью когнитивных расстройств у пациентов с нейродегенеративными заболеваниями и может служить индикатором активности текущего патологического процесса в мозге. Предполагается возможность влияния эпигенетических факторов на регуляцию (нейро)воспаления и восстановление когнитивных функций у пациентов позднего возраста, что открывает широкий спектр терапевтических стратегий для лечения возраст-ассоциированных заболеваний с когнитивным снижением.Цель - оценка возможного влияния комплексной программы нейрокогнитивной реабилитации на когнитивное функционирование и иммунологические показатели крови пациентов пожилого возраста с синдромом мягого когнитивного снижения (МКС).Пациенты и методы: 507 участников реабилитационной программы «Клиники памяти» с признаками МКС (F06.7, F06.78 по МКБ-10) обследованы до начала нейрокогнитивного тренинга и после его окончания (через 6 нед.). Часть пациентов (11,6%) наблюдалась клинически спустя год после включения в программу. Оценка когнитивного статуса проводилась с использованием модифицированной шкалы ишемии Хачински, краткой шкалы оценки психического состояния, Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций и теста рисования часов. В крови пациентов определяли энзиматическую активность лейкоцитарной эластазы (ЛЭ), функциональную активность α1-протеиназного ингибитора (α1-ПИ) и уровень антител к S-100В и основному белку миелина (ОБМ). В качестве контроля использовали показатели здоровых доноров.Результаты: иммунологическое обследование пациентов до начала реабилитационной программы выявило повыение активности ЛЭ и α1-ПИ в общей группе по сравнению с контролем (p &lt; 0,001 и p &lt; 0,05). С помощью разработанной ранее регрессионной модели выявления группы высокого риска развития болезни Альцгеймера (БА) среди пациентов с МКС все обследованные были разделены на две группы (cut-off value p = 0,65). 1-я группа (с низким риском БА; n = 330) характеризовалась повышением активности ЛЭ и α1-ПИ (p &lt; 0,001), 2-я группа (с высоким риском БА; n = 177) отличалась снижением активности ЛЭ (p &lt; 0,001) на фоне высокой активности α1-ПИ (p &lt; 0,001). После когнитивного тренинга в каждой группе выделены разнонаправленные варианты динамики иммунологических показателей, ассоциированные с тяжестью когнитивных нарушений пациентов по психометрическим шкалам. Для большинства обследованных (61,3%) проведенный тренинг оказался эффективным, что подтверждалось положительной динамикой психометрических показателей и относительной нормализацией воспалительных маркеров крови (p &lt; 0,05). Наибольший эффект реабилитационной программы был характерен для пациентов, не входящих в группу высокого риска развития БА (p &lt; 0,001). Катамнестическое обследование выявило стабилизацию когнитивного функционирования у 93,2% обследованных, большинство из которых составили пациенты с исходно низким риском развития заболевания (p &lt; 0,01).Заключение: нейрокогнитивная реабилитация пациентов с МКС, проведенная в условиях «Клиники памяти», может рассматриваться в качестве социального эпигенетического фактора, модулирующего текущий патологический процесс у пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями, что косвенно подтверждается результатами определения иммунологических маркеров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: the results of previous studies suggest that the level of activation of inflammatory responses in the periphery correlates with the severity of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and can serve as an indicator of the activity of the current pathological process in the brain. Epigenetic factors are suggested to influence the regulation of (neuro)inflammation and cognitive recovery in elderly patients, which opens up a wide spectrum of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of age-associated diseases. Objective: to evaluate the possible effects of a comprehensive neurocognitive rehabilitation program on cognitive functioning and blood immunological parameters of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Patients and methods: 507 participants of the “Memory Clinic” rehabilitation program with signs of MCI (F06.7, F06.78 according to ICD-10) were examined before the start of neurocognitive training and after its completion (after six weeks). Some patients (11.6%) were observed clinically one year after their inclusion in the program. Cognitive status was assessed using the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Clock Drawing Test. Enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE), functional activity of α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), and levels of antibodies to S-100B and myelin basic protein were determined in patients’ blood. The parameters of healthy donors were used as controls.Results: immunological examination of patients before the rehabilitation program revealed increased LE and α1-PI activity in the overall group compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.05). Using a previously developed regression model to identify a high-risk group for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) among patients with MCI, all subjects were divided into two groups (cut-off value p = 0.65). Group 1 (low-risk of AD, n = 330) was characterized by increased LE activity and α1-PI (p &lt; 0.001), Group 2 (highrisk of AD, n = 177) was distinguished by decreased LE activity (p &lt; 0.001) accompanied by high α1-PI activity (p &lt; 0.001). After neurocognitive training, differently directed variants of the dynamics of immunological parameters associated with the severity of patients’ cognitive impairment on psychometric scales were identified in each group. For the most of the examined patients (61.3%) the training program turned out to be effective, which was confirmed by the positive dynamics of the psychometric scores and relative normalization of the blood inflammatory markers (p &lt; 0.05). The highest effect of the rehabilitation program was typical for patients not included in the high-risk group for AD (p &lt; 0.001). Follow-up examination revealed stabilization of cognitive functioning in 93.2% of those examined, most of whom were patients with an initially low risk of developing the disease (p &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: neurocognitive rehabilitation of patients with MCI carried out in the “Memory Clinic” conditions can be considered as a social epigenetic factor modulating the current pathological process in patients with cognitive disorders, which is confirmed by objective immunological markers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мягкое когнитивное снижение</kwd><kwd>болезнь Альцгеймера</kwd><kwd>регрессионная модель</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>нейтрофилы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mild cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>Alzheimer’s disease</kwd><kwd>regression model</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>neutrophils</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gavrilova SI, Kolykhalov IV, Fedorova YB, Kalyn YaB, Selezneva ND, Samorodov AV, Myasoedov SN. 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