psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2022-20-3-98-111psychiatry-864Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSМеханизмы влияния кишечной микробиоты на процессы старения ЦНС и формирование когнитивных расстройств при болезни АльцгеймераMechanisms of Influence of Intestinal Microbiota on the Processes of Aging of the CNS and the Formation of Cognitive Disorders in Alzheimer’s Diseasehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-3992СиденковаА. П.SidenkovaA. P.

Алена Петровна Сиденкова, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой, кафедра психиатрии,психотерапии и наркологии

Екатеринбург

Alena P. Sidenkova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Department, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Narcology

Yekaterinburg

sidenkovs@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-1390МякотныхВ. С.MyakotnykhV. S.

Виктор Степанович Мякотных, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, кафедра факультетской терапиии гериатрии

Екатеринбург

Viktor S. Myakotnykh, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Department of Faculty Therapy and Geriatrics

Yekaterinburg

vmaykotnykh@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-1628ВорошилинаЕ. С.VoroshilinaE. S.

Екатерина Сергеевна Ворошилина, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии

Екатеринбург

Ekaterina S. Voroshilina, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Yekaterinburg

voroshilina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-6603МельникА. А.MelnikA. A.

Алена Александровна Мельник, ассистент, кафедра психиатрии, психотерапии и наркологии

Екатеринбург

Alena A. Melnik, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Narcology

Yekaterinburg

alena.melnik.94@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-8034БоровковаТ. А.BorovkovaT. A.

Татьяна Анатольевна Боровкова, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, кафедра факультетской терапии и гериатрии

Екатеринбург

Tatyana A. Borovkova, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Department of Faculty Therapy and Geriatrics

Yekaterinburg

tborovkova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8405-8477ПрощенкоД. А.ProshchenkoD. A.

Дарья Александровна Прощенко, ассистент, кафедра микробиологии, вирусологии и иммунологии

Екатеринбург

Daria A. Proshchenko, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology

Yekaterinburg

dproschenko@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО Уральский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Ural State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20222909202220398111Copyright © Сиденкова А.П., Мякотных В.С., Ворошилина Е.С., Мельник А.А., Боровкова Т.А., Прощенко Д.А., 20222022Сиденкова А.П., Мякотных В.С., Ворошилина Е.С., Мельник А.А., Боровкова Т.А., Прощенко Д.А.Sidenkova A.P., Myakotnykh V.S., Voroshilina E.S., Melnik A.A., Borovkova T.A., Proshchenko D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/864

Актуальность: увеличение продолжительности жизни современного человека сопровождается увеличением распространенности нейрокогнитивных расстройств, в том числе вследствие болезни Альцгеймера. Возраст-ассоциированные биологические механизмы, лежащие в основе нейрокогнитивного дефицита, разнообразны. В процессе онтогенеза между хозяином и микробом формируются сложные симбиотические отношения, предположительно реализуемые через сигнальную ось «микробиота–кишечник–мозг». Это позволяет предположить, что кишечная микробиота участвует в церебральном онтогенезе, в том числе в патологическом старении ЦНС.Цель: на основании систематизированного обзора научной литературы обобщить данные исследований о механизмах влияния кишечной микробиоты на процессы старения центральной нервной системы и формирование когнитивных расстройств при болезни Альцгеймера.Материалы и методы: из баз MedLine/PubMed и eLibrary с 2000 по 2022 г. по ключевым словам «кишечная микробиота», «нейрокогнитивные расстройства», «старение», «нейродегенерация», «болезнь Альцгеймера», «gutmicrobiota», «neurocognitive disorders», «aging», «neurodegeneration», «Alzheimer’s disease» отобрано 27 русскоязычных и 257 англоязычных статей. Дальнейшим критерием отбора 110 статей для настоящего научного обзора явилась гипотеза о влиянии кишечной микробиоты на церебральный онтогенез.Заключение: настоящий научный обзор отражает представление авторов о системности механизмов нормального и патологического старения центральной нервной системы и многофакторности патогенеза нейрокогнитивных расстройств, в котором участвует кишечная микробиота.

Background: the increase in the life expectancy of a modern person is accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. Various indicators associated with biological age are consistent with neurocognitive deficits. In the process of ontogeny, a complex symbiotic relationship develops between the host and the microbe. Presumably, they are realized along the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The participation of the intestinal microbiota in the ontogeny of the brain is assumed. The purpose of review: based on a systematic review of the scientific literature, to summarize research data on the mechanisms of the influence of the intestinal microbiota on the aging processes of the central nervous system and the formation of cognitive disorders in Alzheimer’s disease.Materials and methods: 27 Russian-language and 257 English-language articles were selected from MedLine/PubMed and eLibrary from 2000 to 2022 by the keywords “gut microbiota”, “neurocognitive disorders”, “aging”, “neurodegeneration”, “Alzheimer’s disease”. The hypothesis about the participation of the microbiota in cerebral ontogeny made it possible to select 110 articles for analysis.Conclusion: this scientific review reflects the authors’ ideas about the systemic mechanisms of normal and pathological aging of the CNS and the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis of neurocognitive disorders.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.