psychiatryПСИХИАТРИЯPsychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)1683-83192618-6667FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”; LLC «Publisher «MIA»10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-1-16-26psychiatry-915Research ArticleПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯPSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRYПсихическое здоровье подростков России в период пандемии COVID-19Mental Health of Russian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemichttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-0691СлободскаяЕ. Р.SlobodskayaH. R.

Елена Романовна Слободская, доктор психологических наук, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, заведующая сектором индивидуальных особенностей развития детей

Новосибирск

Helena R. Slobodskaya, Dr. of Sci. (Psychol.), Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of Department, Department of Child Development and Individual Differences

Новосибирск

hslob@physiol.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-2524СафроноваМ. В.SafronovaM. V.

Маргарита Викторовна Сафронова, кандидат психологических наук, доцент

Новосибирск

Margarita V. Safronova, Candidate of Psychological Sciences

Новосибирск

safronova-rita@mail.ruСеменоваН. Б.SemenovaN. B.

Надежда Борисовна Семенова, доктор медицинских наук

Красноярск

Nadezhda B. Semenova, Dr. of Sci. (Med.)

Krasnoyarsk

snb237@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-2110КорниенкоО. С.KornienkoO. S.

Ольга Сергеевна Корниенко, кандидат биологических наук

Новосибирск

Olga S. Kornienko, Candidate of Biological Sciences

Новосибирск

kornienkoos@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-8378РиппиненТ. О.RippinenT. O.

Татьяна Оскаровна Риппинен, научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Tatiana O. Rippinen, Researcher

Новосибирск

rippinento@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3431-3948РезунЕ. В.RezunE. V.

Екатерина Валентиновна Резун, младший научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Ekaterina V. Rezun, Junior Researcher

Новосибирск

rezunev@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-0078ЛетоИ. В.LetoI. V.

Ирина Викторовна Лето, младший научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Irina V. Leto, Junior Researcher

Новосибирск

irina.v.leto@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-8013ПетренкоЕ. Н.PetrenkoE. N.

Евгения Николаевна Петренко, кандидат психологических наук

Новосибирск

Evgeniya N. Petrenko, Candidate of Psychological Sciences

Новосибирск

petrenkoen@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4843-4839КозловаЕ. А.KozlovaE. A.

Елена Александровна Козлова, кандидат психологических наук

Новосибирск

Elena A. Kozlova, Candidate of Psychological Sciences

Новосибирск

kozlovaea@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1926-5266ВаршалА. В.VarshalA. V.

Александра Владимировна Варшал, младший научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Aleksandra V. Varshal, Junior Researcher

Новосибирск

varshalav@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-5016ГришкевичМ. Е.GrishkevichM. E.

Марина Евгеньевна Гришкевич, научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Marina E. Grishkevich

Новосибирск

grishkevichme@neuronm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-6931РудычП. Д.RudychP. D.

Павел Дмитриевич Рудыч, научный сотрудник

Новосибирск

Pavel D. Rudych, Researcher

Новосибирск

pavelrudych@gmail.comНаучно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медициныРоссияScientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный педагогический университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Pedagogical UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт медицинских проблем СевераРоссияScientific Research Institute for Medical Problems of the NorthRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт нейронаук и медицины; Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университетРоссияScientific Research Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian Federation2023030320232111626Copyright © Слободская Е.Р., Сафронова М.В., Семенова Н.Б., Корниенко О.С., Риппинен Т.О., Резун Е.В., Лето И.В., Петренко Е.Н., Козлова Е.А., Варшал А.В., Гришкевич М.Е., Рудыч П.Д., 20232023Слободская Е.Р., Сафронова М.В., Семенова Н.Б., Корниенко О.С., Риппинен Т.О., Резун Е.В., Лето И.В., Петренко Е.Н., Козлова Е.А., Варшал А.В., Гришкевич М.Е., Рудыч П.Д.Slobodskaya H.R., Safronova M.V., Semenova N.B., Kornienko O.S., Rippinen T.O., Rezun E.V., Leto I.V., Petrenko E.N., Kozlova E.A., Varshal A.V., Grishkevich M.E., Rudych P.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/915Обоснование

Обоснование: пандемия COVID-19 и связанные с ней ограничения могли быть особенно травмирующими для подростков, однако имеющиеся сведения о состоянии психического здоровья у подростков во время пандемии противоречивы.

Цель

Цель: оценить изменения показателей психического здоровья и употребления психоактивных веществ российскими подростками в период пандемии COVID-19.

Участники исследования и методы: для оценки распространенных проблем психического здоровья подростки 11–18 лет из сибирских агломераций заполняли опросник «Сильные стороны и трудности» (SDQ, R. Goodman, 2001), шкалу оценки нарушений образа тела и приема пищи, а также блок вопросов об употреблении никотина, алкоголя и наркотиков. Проводили сравнение когорт подростков, обследованных во время пандемии COVID-19 в 2020–2021 гг. (n = 1747; 43% мужского пола) и до пандемии в 2015–2018 гг. (n = 1774; 47% мужского пола). В анализе использовали линейные модели с учетом пола и возраста.

Результаты

Результаты: показатели самооценки тревожно-депрессивных и психосоматических симптомов, общего числа проблем психического здоровья и уровня употребления психоактивных веществ оказались значимо выше у подростков, обследованных во время пандемии в 2020–2021 гг. Увеличение этих показателей наблюдалось в сходной степени у подростков разного пола; однако рост употребления никотина и алкоголя зарегистрирован преимущественно у девочек.

Заключение

Заключение: полученные результаты указывают на то, что пандемия COVID-19 и связанные с ней ограничения могли оказать стрессовое воздействие на подростков. В связи с этим необходимы исследования факторов риска и защиты психического здоровья российских подростков. Профилактические программы должны учитывать связанные с полом особенности употребления подростками психоактивных веществ.

Background

Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions may be particularly harmful for adolescents; however, evidence about changes in adolescent mental health during the pandemic is inconsistent.

The aim was to examine changes in levels of Russian adolescent mental health and rates of substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants and methods

Participants and methods: two cohorts of 11–18-year-old adolescents were recruited from Siberian cities in 2015–18 (n = 1774, 47% male) and in 2020–21 (n = 1747, 43% male). Participants completed identical sets of questionnaires: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Body Image and Eating Distress scale and items on tobacco, alcohol and drug use. We examined the effect of cohort, gender and age using linear models.

Results

Results: in the 2020–21 cohort, depression, anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms, total mental health problems and levels of substance use were higher than in the 2015–18 cohort. Increases in emotional symptoms and total mental health problems were similar in both genders, whereas increases in rates of smoking and alcohol use were significant only among girls.

Conclusions

Conclusions: the present findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic experience was likely to be stressful for adolescents. Therefore, more research on risk and protective factors of Russian adolescent mental health is needed. The findings also suggest that preventative interventions should be based on gender-specific patterns of adolescent substance use.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.