<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psychiatry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">ПСИХИАТРИЯ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1683-8319</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-6667</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “The Mental Health Research Centre”;   LLC «Publisher «MIA»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30629/2618-6667-2023-21-1-43-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psychiatry-918</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПСИХОПАТОЛОГИЯ, КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХИАТРИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Частота зависимости от никотина у студентов вузов г. Томска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Incidence Rate of Nicotine Addiction in University Students of Tomsk</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5112-2188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Украинцев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ukraintsev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Иванович Украинцев, кандидат медицинских наук, кафедра психиатрии, наркологии и психотерапии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor I. Ukraintsev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny.schastnyy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2148-297X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Счастный</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Schastnyy</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Дмитриевич Счастный, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий отделением аффективных состояний</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny D. Schastnyy, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Head of the Affective States Department, Mental Health Research Institute</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeny.schastnyy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-855X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бохан</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bokhan</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Александрович Бохан, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор; заведующий кафедрой, кафедра психиатрии, наркологии и психотерапии</p><p>Томск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay A. Bokhan, Academician of RAS, Professor, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Director; Head of Department, Department of Psychiatry, Narcology and Psychotherapy</p><p>Tomsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mental@tnimc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет», Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk NRMС</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт психического здоровья, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр, Российская академия наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт психического здоровья, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр, Российская академия наук; ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет», Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Institute; Tomsk NRMС; Siberian State Medical University; Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Украинцев И.И., Счастный Е.Д., Бохан Н.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Украинцев И.И., Счастный Е.Д., Бохан Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ukraintsev I.I., Schastnyy E.D., Bokhan N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/918">https://www.journalpsychiatry.com/jour/article/view/918</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Обоснование</title><p>Обоснование: табакокурение является одним из ведущих факторов риска ранней смерти и инвалидности во всем мире. Коморбидность тревожных расстройств и никотиновой зависимости снижает эффективность специализированной комплексной терапии табачной зависимости. Актуальной признается проблема своевременной диагностики таких сочетанных состояний.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель работы</title><p>Цель работы: определение частоты никотиновой зависимости и выраженности уровня тревоги у студентов, обучающихся в ТГУ и ФГБОУ ВО СибГМУ Минздрава России г. Томска.</p></sec><sec><title>Участники и методы</title><p>Участники и методы: в исследование были включены 323 студента (78 мужчин; 24,1% и 245 женщин, 75,9%). Для выявления никотиновой зависимости применялся тест Фагерстрёма (FTND). Выраженность тревоги и депрессии определяли с помощью Госпитальной шкалы тревоги и депрессии (HADS).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: 59,0% студентов никогда не курили, ранее курили 12,4%, курят в настоящее время сигареты 21,9%, используют для курения системы электрического нагревания табака (ЭНТ) — 6,7%. Исследование выявило формирование зависимости от никотина в 26%. Возраст начала систематического курения составил 16,1 (14,2; 17,5) года. В возрасте 17 (16; 18) лет произошло формирование никотиновой зависимости (p = 0,001). Медиана суммарного балла по подшкале «тревога» шкалы HADS составила у студентов, курящих сигареты, 7 (6; 9), у потребителей ЭНТ — 7 (5; 10), у ранее куривших — 7 (5; 9), у никогда не куривших — 7 (4; 9). Медиана суммарного балла по подшкале «депрессия» шкалы HADS составила у курящих в настоящее время сигареты студентов 6 (4; 8) баллов, курящих в настоящее время ЭНТ — 4,5 (2; 5), раньше куривших — 4 (3; 7), никогда не куривших — 5 (3; 7).</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: наличие прямой корреляции между показателями суммарного балла тревоги по шкале HADS и опросника никотиновой зависимости FTND (rs = 0,51; p &lt; 0,05) свидетельствует о предиктивной значимости тревожного расстройства для формирования никотиновой зависимости и необходимости раннего лечебно-профилактического вмешательства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: tobacco use is one of the leading risk factors for early death and disability worldwide. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and nicotine dependence reduces the efficiency of the specialist complex therapy of tobacco dependence. Of significance is a problem of timely detection of such concurrent disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study nicotine addiction and severity of anxiety in students of the Tomsk State University (TSU) and Siberian State Medical University (SSMU) of Tomsk City.</p><p>Surveyed students and methods: the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were usedto recognize nicotine addiction in 323 students (78 males; 24.1% and 245 women; 75.9%).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the findings on nicotine addiction in students were as follows: 59.0% never smoked, 12.4% smoked previously, 21.9% are currently cigarette smokers, 6.7% use tobacco heating systems (THS). The median total score according to the HADS anxiety subscale in current smokers made 7 (6; 9) points, in current THS smokers — 7 (5; 10), in previously smokers — 7 (5; 9), in never smoking —7 (4; 9). The median total score according to the HADS depression subscale in currently cigarette smokers made 6 (4; 8) points, currently THS smokers — 4.5 (2; 5), previously smokers — 4 (3; 7), in never smoking — 5 (3; 7). The study revealed formation of nicotine addiction in 26% of surveyed individuals; age of the regular smoking onset was 16.1 (14.2; 17.5) years, nicotine dependence formed at the age of 17.0 (16; 18) years (p = 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: the availability of direct dependency between indicators of total score of anxiety according to the HADS and the FTND (rs = 0.51; p &lt; 0.05) is an evidence of predictive value of anxiety for nicotine addiction and need of timely preventive intervention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зависимость от никотина</kwd><kwd>тревога</kwd><kwd>студенты вузов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nicotine addiction</kwd><kwd>anxiety</kwd><kwd>university students</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания 075-01184-22-00 комплексной темы НИР «Биопсихосоциальные механизмы патогенеза и клинического полиморфизма, адаптационный потенциал и предикторы эффективности терапии у больных с психическими и поведенческими расстройствами в регионе Сибири» (регистрационный номер 122020200054-8).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the study was carried out within the state assignment no. 075-01184-22-00 of the comprehensive research topic “Biopsychosocial mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical polymorphism, adaptive potential and predictors of the effectiveness of therapy in patients with mental and behavioral disorders in the Siberian region” (registration number 122020200054-8).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omare MO, Kibet JK, Cherutoi JK, Kengara FO. A review of tobacco abuse and its epidemiological consequences. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;30(6):1485–1500. doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01443-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omare MO, Kibet JK, Cherutoi JK, Kengara FO. A review of tobacco abuse and its epidemiological consequences. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;30(6):1485–1500. doi: 10.1007/s10389-020-01443-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO, 2021. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco (date of access: 20.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO, 2021. URL: https://www.who.int/ru/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco (date of access: 20.03.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, Yang J, Primack BA, Andrews JA, Miech RA, Spindle TR, Dick DM, Eissenberg T, Hornik RC, Dang R, Sargent JD. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788–797. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, Yang J, Primack BA, Andrews JA, Miech RA, Spindle TR, Dick DM, Eissenberg T, Hornik RC, Dang R, Sargent JD. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788–797. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223–1249. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1223–1249. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodchild M, Nargis N, Tursan d’Espaignet E. Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tob Control. 2018;27(1):58–64. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053305</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodchild M, Nargis N, Tursan d’Espaignet E. Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tob Control. 2018;27(1):58–64. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053305</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Lindson N, Freeman SC, Sutton AJ, Theodoulou A, Aveyard P. Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;1:CD013229. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Lindson N, Freeman SC, Sutton AJ, Theodoulou A, Aveyard P. Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;1:CD013229. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013229</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A  R, Saravanan M, El Salibi N, Nakkash R, Rady A, Sherman S, Ghandour L. Evidence from the Lebanon Global School-based Student Health Survey on midwakh tobacco smoking in school students: a harbinger of the next global tobacco pandemic? East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(1):116–121. doi: 10.26719/2020.26.1.116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A   R, Saravanan M, El Salibi N, Nakkash R, Rady A, Sherman S, Ghandour L. Evidence from the Lebanon Global School-based Student Health Survey on midwakh tobacco smoking in school students: a harbinger of the next global tobacco pandemic? East Mediterr Health J. 2020;26(1):116–121. doi: 10.26719/2020.26.1.116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panahi R, Osmani F, Javanmardi K, Ramezankhani A, Dehghankar L, Amini R, Haeri Mehrizi AA, Amjadian M, Anbari M, Hosseini N. The Relationship between Different Levels of Health Literacy and Smoking Prevention Among Medical Sciences Student. Int J Prev Med. 2021;12:124. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_460_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panahi R, Osmani F, Javanmardi K, Ramezankhani A, Dehghankar L, Amini R, Haeri Mehrizi AA, Amjadian M, Anbari M, Hosseini N. The Relationship between Different Levels of Health Literacy and Smoking Prevention Among Medical Sciences Student. Int J Prev Med. 2021;12:124. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_460_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геращенкова АА, Капустина ЮВ, Рачеева ЮВ. Оценка степени никотиновой зависимости и мотивации отказа от курения у студентов Смоленского государственного медицинского университета. Смоленский медицинский альманах. 2018;1:61–63. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-stepeninikotinovoy-zavisimosti-i-motivatsii-otkaza-ot-kureniya-u-studentov-smolenskogogosudarstvennogomeditsinskogo (дата обращения: 20.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerashchenkova AA, Kapustina YuV, Racheeva YuV. Evaluation of the degree of nicotine addiction and motivation of smoking refusal in students of Smolensk State Medical University. Smolenskij medicinskij almanah. 2018;1:61–63. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-stepeninikotinovoy-zavisimosti-i-motivatsii-otkaza-ot-kureniya-u-studentov-smolenskogogosudarstvennogomeditsinskogo (date of access: 20.03.2022). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оконенко ТИ, Петрова ОС, Кузнецова КА. Оценка степени никотиновой зависимости студентов фармацевтического профиля Великого Новгорода. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2014;1:146. https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=12079 (дата обращения: 20.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okonenko TI, Petrova OS, Kuznetsova KA. Assessment of the Degree of Nicotine Dependence Students Pharmaceutical Pro le Veliky Novgorod. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2014;1:146. https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=12079 (date of access: 20.03.2022). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallagher AWA, Evans-Reeves K, Joshi A, Hatchard J, Gilmore AB. Analysis of submissions to the EU’s public consultation on tobacco traceability and security features. Tob Control. 2021;30(e1):e4–e9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-043875</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallagher AWA, Evans-Reeves K, Joshi A, Hatchard J, Gilmore AB. Analysis of submissions to the EU’s public consultation on tobacco traceability and security features. Tob Control. 2021;30(e1):e4–e9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-043875</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Foll B, Piper ME, Fowler CD, Tonstad S, Bierut L, Lu L, Jha P, Hall WD. Tobacco and nicotine use. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):19. doi: 10.1038/s41572022-00346-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Foll B, Piper ME, Fowler CD, Tonstad S, Bierut L, Lu L, Jha P, Hall WD. Tobacco and nicotine use. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022;8(1):19. doi: 10.1038/s41572022-00346-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baraona LK, Lovelace D, Daniels JL, McDaniel L. Tobacco Harms, Nicotine Pharmacology, and Pharmacologic Tobacco Cessation Interventions for Women. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2017;62(3):253–269. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12616</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraona LK, Lovelace D, Daniels JL, McDaniel L. Tobacco Harms, Nicotine Pharmacology, and Pharmacologic Tobacco Cessation Interventions for Women. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2017;62(3):253–269. doi: 10.1111/jmwh.12616</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makadia LD, Roper PJ, Andrews JO, Tingen MS. Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(8):55. doi: 10.1007/s11882-017-0723-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makadia LD, Roper PJ, Andrews JO, Tingen MS. Tobacco Use and Smoke Exposure in Children: New Trends, Harm, and Strategies to Improve Health Outcomes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2017;17(8):55. doi: 10.1007/s11882-017-0723-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer D, Šimetin IP, Franelić IP, Belavić A. Smoking prevalence among youths: Two Surveys (HBSC &amp; GYTS) in Croatia. Tob Prev Cessation. 2018;4:A8. doi: 10.18332/tpc/90413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer D, Šimetin IP, Franelić IP, Belavić A. Smoking prevalence among youths: Two Surveys (HBSC &amp; GYTS) in Croatia. Tob Prev Cessation. 2018;4:A8. doi: 10.18332/tpc/90413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quek TT, Tam WW, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CS, Ho RC. The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15):2735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quek TT, Tam WW, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CS, Ho RC. The Global Prevalence of Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15):2735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сперанская ОИ, Смирнов ВК, Богданов КА, Кутушев ОТ, Лыков ВИ, Ермолова ОИ, Ларина ИГ, Третьякова ИГ, Князева НА, Дерябина ОМ. Перспективы реализации программы оказания специализированной помощи по борьбе с курением табака в Российской Федерации. Российский психиатрический журнал. 2013;(1):26–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speranskaya OI, Smirnov VK, Bogdanov KA, Kutushev OT, Lykov VI, Ermolova OI, Larina IG, Tret’yakova IG, Knyazeva NA, Deryabina OM. Perspektivy realizacii programmy okazaniya specializirovannoj pomoshchi po bor’be s kureniem tabaka v Rossijskoj Federacii. Rossijskij psihiatricheskij zhurnal. 2013;(1):26–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руженков ВА, Лукьянцева ИС, Руженкова ВВ. Аддиктивное поведение: систематика, распространенность и профилактика. Научные ведомости БелГУ: серия Медицина, Фармация. 2015;10(30):13– 25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruzhenkov VA, Lukyantseva IS, Ruzhenkova VV. Addictive Behavior: Systematics, Prevalence and Prevention. Nauchnye vedomosti BelGU: seriya Medicina, Farmaciya. 2015;10(30):13–25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Puddephatt J-A, Irizar P, Jones A, Gage SH, Goodwin L. Associations of common mental disorder with alcohol use in the adult general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2022;117(6):1543–1572. doi: 10.1111/add.15735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Puddephatt J-A, Irizar P, Jones A, Gage SH, Goodwin L. Associations of common mental disorder with alcohol use in the adult general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction. 2022;117(6):1543–1572. doi: 10.1111/add.15735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семке АВ, Шадрин ВН. Распространенность психопатологических расстройств у студентов первого курса медицинского университета. Психическое здоровье. 2012;(4):29–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semke AV, Shadrin VN. The prevalence of psychopathological disorders in  rst-year medical university students. Psihicheskoe zdorov’e. 2012;(4):29–32. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Герасимова ОЮ, Семченко ЛН. Тревожные расстройства у студентов медицинского университета. Психология. Психофизиология. 2020;13(4):30–38. doi: 10.14529/jpps200404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerasimova OYu, Semchenko LN. Anxiety disorders among medical students. Psychology. Psychophysiology. 2020;13(4):30–38. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14529/jpps200404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garey L, Olofsson H, Garza T, Shepherd JM, Smit T, Zvolensky MJ. The Role of Anxiety in Smoking Onset, Severity, and Cessation-Related Outcomes: a Review of Recent Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01160-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garey L, Olofsson H, Garza T, Shepherd JM, Smit T, Zvolensky MJ. The Role of Anxiety in Smoking Onset, Severity, and Cessation-Related Outcomes: a Review of Recent Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020;22(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01160-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagerström K. Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(1):75–78. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fagerström K. Determinants of tobacco use and renaming the FTND to the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(1):75–78. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Андрющенко АВ, Дробижев МЮ, Добровольский АВ. Сравнительная оценка шкал CESD, BDI и HADS(D) в диагностике депрессии в общемедицинской практике. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии имени C.C. Корсакова. 2003;103(5):11–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andryushchenko AV, Drobizhev MYu, Dobrovolsky AV. Comparative evaluation of CESD, BDI и HADS(D) scales in the diagnostics of depression in general practice. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psihiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2003;103(5):11–18. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Of ce on Smoking and Health, 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Of ce on Smoking and Health, 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, Yang J, Primack BA, Andrews JA, Miech RA, Spindle TR, Dick DM, Eissenberg T, Hornik RC, Dang R, Sargent JD. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788–797. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soneji S, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wills TA, Leventhal AM, Unger JB, Gibson LA, Yang J, Primack BA, Andrews JA, Miech RA, Spindle TR, Dick DM, Eissenberg T, Hornik RC, Dang R, Sargent JD. Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788–797. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1488</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang TW, Neff LJ, Park-Lee E, Ren C, Cullen KA, King BA. E-cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(37):1310–1312. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang TW, Neff LJ, Park-Lee E, Ren C, Cullen KA, King BA. E-cigarette Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(37):1310–1312. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6937e1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Besson A, Tarpin A, Flaudias V, Brousse G, Laporte C, Benson A, Navel V, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Smoking Prevalence among Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):13328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Besson A, Tarpin A, Flaudias V, Brousse G, Laporte C, Benson A, Navel V, Bouillon-Minois JB, Dutheil F. Smoking Prevalence among Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(24):13328. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413328</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
