Activity of Platelet and Erythrocyte Enzymes of Glutathione Metabolism in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders with Periodic Catatonia

Background: oxidative stress and glutathione antioxidant system are pathogenetic chains involved both in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), and in the development of catatonia, which is often found in schizophrenia and SSD. The aim: is to stratify patients with periodic catatonia in schizophrenia and SSD, based on the activity of platelet and erythrocyte enzymes of glutathione system and to comparatively analyze the activity of the enzymes in patients with different forms of catatonia. Patients and Methods: patients with schizophrenia and SSD with hypo-; para- and multi-kinetic forms of periodic catatonia (n = 13, 11 and 15, respectively) and mentally healthy persons of control group (n = 21) were included into the study. Activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase were determined by spectrophotometric kinetic methods in extracts of platelets and erythrocytes from the blood of patients and the control group. Results: when clustering patients by these four biochemical characteristics, two clusters were obtained with the enzymatic activities significantly differed from the levels in the control group, and significantly uneven distribution of patients with different forms of catatonia was observed between the clusters: χ2 = 20.3, p < 0.0001 (with Yates’ correction) for patients with hypo- and para-kinetic catatonia; χ2 = 16.9, p < 0.0001 (with Yates’ correction) for patients with para- and multi-kinetic catatonia. Conclusions: patients with different forms of catatonia are characterized by different patterns of changes in the activity levels of the studied enzymes relatively to the control ranges. Determining the activity of glutathione enzymes in the blood of patients with SSD is informative for in-depth stratification of such patients, including in differentiating the forms of catatonia in SSD, and these biochemical parameters can serve as an addition to clinical characteristics to clarify the form of periodic catatonia.

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