Синдромально-нозологическая структура галлюцинозов позднего возраста

Up to now discrepancy remains in the opinions of nosological belonging of hallucinoses in late age and their outcomes.The aim of the study was to establish syndromal-nosological structure of hallucinoses in late age.Material. The material included 60 patients (all females) at the age of 60 and older (median age made up 80,5 years), first hospitalized in the mental hospital with hallucinatory psychoses, developed in late age.Methods. During the study methods were used as follows: clinical-psychopathological, neuroimaging (MRI/CT), psychometric (MMSE, Hachinski ischemic scale, Neuropsychiatric inventory, NPI).Results. Hallucinoses first appeared during the period of ageing are more often associated with senile age. Acute development of hallucinatory psychosis was noticed in 55% of subjects, the chronic one was observed in 45% of cases. The frequency of verbal, visual, combined, and tactile hallucinoses in the studied material equalled to 52%, 30%, 13%, and 5% respectively. In the majority of cases (65%) hallucinatory symptoms were accompanied with unformed delusions, resulting from the contents of hallucinatory experiences. Most often (54%) delusions appear in true verbal hallucinoses, twice as rare (23%) in visual hallucinoses, and in mixed and tactile hallusinosis delusions are noticed in 15% and 8% of observations respectively. As a rule true hallucinoses develop against the background of dementias of mild or moderate severity, they are rarely observed in the presence of signs of severe dementia. True hallucinoses are noticed more often in mixed Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia. In 27% of cases no intellectual-mnestic decline was detected in patients with hallucinoses, however according to the data of MRI/CT study changes characteristic of initial neurodegenerative or combined neurodegenerative-vascular cerebral disease were revealed.Conclusion. Nosological diagnostics of hallucinatory psychoses in late age requires complex examination, including methods of neuroimaging and assessment of cognitive functions.

аллюцинации, поздний возраст, деменция, мягкое когнитивное снижение, нейровизуализация, ней- ропсихиатрический опросник, hallucinations, old age, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, neurovisualisation, Neuropsychiatric inventory

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