The concept of cognitive dysontogenesis: the history of development and the results of studies of thought disorders

Objectives: the analysis of mental disorders in children and adolescents with mental pathology in the context of the concept of cognitive dysontogenesis. In the article approaches to an estimation of disturbances of thinking at a mental pathology in children and teenage age are considered. The domestic and foreign approach to the assessment of cognitive impairments is compared. The history of development of the concept of cognitive dysontogenesis in the Mental Health Research Centre.

Material and methods: the results of experimental psychological studies of children and adolescents with diseases of the schizophrenic spectrum (schizophrenia of childrens type, schizotypic disorder) are given in the Department of Medical Psychology of the Mental Health Research Centre. Samples of children and adolescents with a psychogenic endogenous pathology (over 150 children) and normative development in a wide age range from 7 to 16 years have been investigated the material was collected and analyzed in different time periods against the background of changes in the social situation of development Domestic pathopsychological techniques were used (small subject classification, comparison of concepts, design of objects) and conventional means of psychodiagnostics (Wechsler test).

Results and conclusions. New modified methods for evaluating the use of pathopsychological diagnostic tools are proposed. Quantitative and qualitative methods of estimation are compared their complex application in diagnostics of the disturbed cognitive development (cognitive dizontogenesis) is specified. The proximity of the received estimates of thelevel of cognitive activity from the position of psychometric and classical pathopsychological approaches has been revealed. It is shown that the general characteristic of the age-related dynamics in the clinical group in disorders of the schizophrenia circle turned out to be similar in the study of 1970-80s and at the present stage. The tools used in the studies were considered the basis of the technology for diagnosing disturbances in thinking in the operational component (thelevel of generalization, possession of analysis and synthesis operations, etc.), dynamic parameters (productivity, pace of work), and also in the motivational and personal aspect (the possibility of making a task and developing a program for its implementation, criticality, etc.).

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