Specificities of EEG spectral characteristics in individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Background. Developments in the field of neurobiological bases of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can facilitate the introduction of more objective methods of early diagnostics, early identification of ASD syndromal forms, which can significantly improve the quality of adaptation. Various electroencephalogram quantitative parameters were considered as such possible neurobiological markers of autism at the early ontogeny stages.

The aim of the study was to investigate the complex of quantitative EEG characteristics in a case of pathologically proceeding ontogenesis in individuals with or without autism spectrum disorders by comparing indices with normative EEG database and to determine the most significant EEG parameters that correlate with the severity of the condition and age dynamics.

Patients and methods. 100 patients with thelimited possibilities of health (LPH) aged from 3 to 26 years with alowlevel of adaptive skills were studied. One group included 70 patients with autism (F84.0 according to ICD-10), the second group comprised 30 patients with LPH with no autistic disorders. The control group included EEG recordings of 700 healthy subjects of the same age interval. The registratioa EEG spectral analysis and comparative EEG mapping (with normative group) were conducted for all the subjects of the two groups.

Results. As a result of the analysis of quantitative clinical and neurophysiological data, findings were obtained which allowed predicting the presence of specific disturbances in nervous system functioning in persons with LPH. In patients with ASD, the spectral power of beta-2 activity was reliably increased whereas in patients with LPH with no ASD the spectral power of slow activity delta and theta frequency bands was increased.

Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the assumption, that autism spectrum disorders may be associated with inhibitory deficiency.

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