Out-Patient Cases of Mental Disorders in COVID-19
https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-49-57
Abstract
Background: The relevance of publication is due to the significant frequency of mental disorders during the times of infectious diseases. The coronavirus epidemic in Russia in 2020 was associated with various factors contributing to panic experience, the occurrence of reactive and / or induced mental disorders and exacerbation of existing ones. However, a targeted analysis of such disorders is not yet presented in the domestic scientific literature.
The aim: to describe the symptoms and the phenomenology of some mental disorders during the coronavirus epidemic and to discuss its possible pathway.
Materials and methods: 13 persons aged 14–66 years admitted to out-patient clinics were examined by psychiatrist. Clinical interview was used as well as experimental psychological examination (MMPI scale) and WHO quality of life questionnaire. Some patients and their relatives or other informants were interviewed on-line. Schizophrenia patients and patients with schizophrenic spectrum disorders were not included in the research.
Discussion of results: mental disorders during the coronavirus epidemic present heterogenous group due to phenomenological and etiological differences. Age, gender and social status are not critical. It is likely that the preceding personality characteristics such as the presence of borderline psychopathology, suggestibility, emotional dependence, stress tolerance, loneliness, attitude to death, somatic diseases could play the main role in the occurrence of these disorders.
Conclusions: according to preliminary data, mental disorders during the period of the coronavirus epidemic do not fundamentally differ from disorders during other epidemics or emergency situation. However, long-term social isolation of people due to contact limitation and repeated explanations of its necessity in media could cause long-term anxiety and depletion of psychological defense mechanisms, acquired great pathogenic significance in this epidemic. Taking into account the mentioned factors and impact of economic crisis anxiety, COVID-19 and its psychological and psychiatric consequence may be considered as needed research.
About the Author
S. N. Oskolkova
V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sofia N. Oskolkova, MD, PhD, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Endogenous Psychoses
Moscow
References
1. Oskolkov PV. Populism and corona: how the pandemic affects the right-wing populist parties of Europe? Analytical Paper №15. IERAS. 2020;10(04):198. Available at: http://instituteofeurope.ru/images/uploads/analitika/2020/an198.pdf [Accessed 28 April 2020]. (In Russ.).
2. Dudarev A, Fel’dblyum IV, Shibanov A. Polumery? RBK-Perm’. Itogi. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rxfuqv97F4 [Accessed 08 April 2020]. (InRuss.).
3. Psikhicheskie rasstroystva pri infektsionno-organicheskikh zabolevaniyakh. Rukovodstvo po psihiatrii. Pod red. AS. Tiganova. M.: Meditsina. 1999;(2):212–247. (In Russ.).
4. Khan S, Khan RA. Chronic Stress Leads to Anxiety and Depression An. Psych. and Mental Health. 2017.5(1):1–4. Available at: https://www.jscimedcentral.com/Psychiatry/psychiatry-5-1091.pdf [Accessed 19 June 2020].
5. Fukidid. Istoriya. Per. i primechaniya G.A. Stratanovskogo. L.: Nauka. 1981:543. (In Russ.).
6. Bokachcho Dzh. Dekameron. Per. s ital. N. Lyubimova. M.: MP «Firma ART». 1992:464. (In Russ.).
7. Bonhoeffer K. Die Symptomatischen Psychosen in Gefolge von Akuten Infektionen Und Inneren Erkrankungen. Leipzig u Wien. F. Deuticke. 1910:139.
8. Kleist K. Die Influenzapsychosen und die Anlage zu Infektionspsychosen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 1920:58. https://DOI.org/10.1007/978-3-642-90806-4
9. Melkamu AE. Psikhicheskie rasstroisrva u bolnych VICh-infek t siey. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgckoy gosydarstvennoy meditsinskoy akademii imeni I.I. Mechnikova. 2003;(1–2):209–210.(In Russ.)
10. Oden U.H. Lekcii o SHekspire. Per s angl. M.: Izdat. Ol’gi Morozovoj. 2008:576. (In Russ.).
11. Pushkin AS. Pis’mo Pletnevu P.A. (9 sent. 1830 g.) Boldino. Pushkin AS. Polnoe sobr. sochineniy. vol. 14. Moscow. 1941:112–113. (In Russ.).
12. Lukjanova EA. Meditsinskaja statistika. Moscow: Izdvo RUDN. 2003:245. (In Russ.).
13. Makushkin EV. Klininicheskaya kartina indutsirovannych rasstroystv sovremennogo perioda. Voprosy obshchey I pogranichnoy psikhiatrii (sbornik nauchnykh trudov). Ekaterinburg: UGMA. 1995. (In Russ.).
14. Alexandrovskiy YuA. Sociogenic Mental Illnesses. RPJ. 2014;3:19–23. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/1560-957X-2014-1%25x
15. Posttravmaticheskoe stressovoe rasstrojstvo (mezhdunarodnaya (Rossiya–Armeniya–Belarus’–Ukraina) kollektivnaya monografiya. Pod red. Soldatkina VA. Rostov-na-Donu. 2015. (In Russ.).
16. Kashcheev VV, Chekin SYu, Karpenko SV, Shchukina NV, Lovachev SS, Kochergina EV, Maksyutov MA, Ivanov VK. Zabolevaemost’ psikhicheskimi rasstroystvami i rasstroystvami povedeniya v kogorte rossiyskikh uchastnikov likvidatsii posledstviy avarii na Chernobyl’skoy AES: predvaritel’nyy analiz. Radiatsiya i risk. 2015;24(4):8–22. (In Russ.).
17. Litvinov A. Karantinnyj blok: perezhdem epidemiyu kul’turno. Novaya gazeta. № 30/23 mar ta. Novayagazeta.ru. (In Russ.).
18. Enikolopov SN. Available at: http://www.mskagency.ru/materials/2985353 (In Russ.).
19. Boldyreva O. Psikhologi dali sovety protiv paniki vo vremya pandemii koronavirusa. 2020 March 15. Available at: https://nsn.fm/society/psihologidali-sovety-protiv-paniki-vo-vremya-pandemiikoronavirusa [Accessed 28 April 2020]. (In Russ.).
20. Mursalieva G. Kak ostat’sya v domike. Novaya gazeta. № 30:23.03.20. Available at: https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2020/03/21/84428-kak-ostatsya-v-domike [Accessed 28 April 2020]. (In Russ.).
21. Ostroumova OD, Popkova AM, Goloborodova IV, Smetneva NS, Popkova AS. Alcohol and Lungs. Consilium Medicum. 2018;20(3):21–29. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.26442/2075-1753_20.3.21-29
22. Klyushnik TP. Immunnye mekhanizmy psikhicheskikh zabolevaniy. Psikhicheskoe zdorov’e: sotsial’nye, klinikoorganizatsionnye i nauchnye aspekty. Moscow. 2017:159–166. (In Russ.).
23. Chekhonin VP, Gurina OI, Ryabukhin IA, Antonova OM, Semenova AV. Mekhanizm vzaimodeystviya nervnoy i immunnoy sistem v patogeneze psikhogennykh stressovykh narusheniy. Psikhiatriya chrezvychaynykh situatsiy: rukovodstvo v 2 tomakh. Moscow. 2011;1:34–71. (In Russ.).
24. Rogosina TA, Ivanova SA, Vetlugina TP. Klinicheskie priznaki vtorichnoy immunnoy nedostatochnosti u bol’nykh s depressivnymi rasstroystvami. Sibirski vestnik psikhiatrii I narkologii. Tomsk. 2001;4:19–21. (In Russ.).
25. Булгакова ОС. Иммунитет и различные стадии стрессорного воздействия. Успехи современного естествознания. 2011;(4):31–35.
26. Bulgakova OS. Immunity and the Various Stages of Stress Effects. Advances in Current Natural Sciences. 2011;(4):31–35 (In Russ.).
27. Makushkin EV, Oskolkova SN, Fastovtsov GA. Psychiatry of the future: multidimensionality of the problems of modern psychiatry and development of classification systems. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2017;117(8):118–123. (In Russ). DOI.org/10.17116/jnevro201711781118-123
28. Parker M. Defending the indefensible? Psychiatry, assisted suicide and human freedom Int. J. Law Psychiatry. 2013;36(5–6):485–497. DOI:10.1016/j.ijlp.213.06.007
Review
For citations:
Oskolkova S.N. Out-Patient Cases of Mental Disorders in COVID-19. Psychiatry (Moscow) (Psikhiatriya). 2020;18(3):49-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2020-18-3-49-57
Views:
10623
Email this article 
