Суицидальное поведение в условиях пандемии COVID-19

Обоснование: в период пандемии обострились многие проблемы психического здоровья среди населения и появились опасения относительно роста самоубийств. Это привело к активизации исследований суицидального поведения по всему миру. Во многих странах, учитывая постоянно меняющуюся ситуацию, исследования опираются не на национальную статистику, которая обычно запаздывает на 1–1,5 года, а предпринимаются усилия по сбору оперативной информации.
Цель: обобщить результаты наблюдений суицидального поведения в связи с волнами пандемии и ограничительными мерами и предложить объяснения наблюдаемым тенденциям.
Материалы: в работе использованы источники, выявленные при мониторинге отечественных и зарубежных информационных ресурсов.
Результаты: наблюдения показывают, что после объявления жестких ограничительных мер, несмотря на то что вырос уровень переживаемого стресса, так же как показатели тревоги, депрессии, аддикций и других нарушений психического здоровья, в то же время не произошло повышения смертности от самоубийств. Наоборот, во многих странах, городах или отдельных регионах чаще наблюдалось снижение числа завершенных самоубийств, а также нефатального суицидального поведения. Объяснение этому феномену находят в понятии кризиса в сфере социологических теорий в большей степени, чем в медицинской модели суицида. Пандемия рассматривается в публикациях как типичный пример глобального кризиса, для которого характерны острая, хроническая фаза и фаза выхода из кризиса. На выходе из кризиса, а также в долгосрочной перспективе в связи с ожидаемыми серьезными изменениями в жизни больших контингентов людей необходимо быть готовыми к различным, в том числе и негативным последствиям в плане суицидального поведения.
Заключение: несмотря на то что нынешняя пандемия не привела к росту суицидов, необходимо активизировать исследования в области суицидологии, направленные на разработку, организацию и внедрение более эффективных мер суицидальной превенции, приемлемых культурально и с организационной точки зрения и адаптированных к современному уровню интенсивности информационных потоков.

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